main-latest

Automated release for latest main.

v1.17.3

1. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Duration] Fix parsing of fractional durations with non-positive seconds
• [Kernel] Do not attempt to group module warnings when they have a large context

IEx

• [IEx.Helpers] Properly reconsolidate protocols on recompile

Mix

• [mix compile.elixir] Do not verify modules twice
• [mix xref] Respect the --label option on stats and cycles

v1.17.2

1. Bug fixes

Logger

• [Logger.Translator] Fix logger crash when :gen_statem's format_status/2 returns non-tuple

Mix

• [mix deps.get] Fix regression when fetching a git repository with a :ref
• [mix release] Validate RELEASE_MODE and set ERRORLEVEL on .bat scripts
• [mix release] Fix invalid example in code comment inside the generated vm.args.eex

v1.17.1

1. Enhancements

Mix

• [mix compile.elixir] Do not run fixpoint computation on runtime dependencies. This should considerably improve compilation times for large projects when changing only one or two files

2. Bug fixes

EEx

• [EEx] Do not warn for assignment with blocks in EEx

Elixir

• [Kernel] Fix bug when using pinned variables inside with's else patterns
• [Kernel] Fix Dialyzer error when with else clause is calling a no_return function

ExUnit

• [ExUnit] Do not alternative sync/async suites on --repeat-until-failure

v1.17.0

https://elixir-lang.org/blog/2024/06/12/elixir-v1-17-0-released/

This release includes type inference of patterns to provide warnings for an initial set of constructs (binaries, maps, and atoms) within the same function. It also includes a new Duration data type to interact with Calendar types, support for Erlang/OTP 27, and many other improvements.

Warnings from gradual set-theoretic types

This release introduces gradual set-theoretic types to infer types from patterns and use them to type check programs, enabling the Elixir compiler to find faults and bugs in codebases without requiring changes to existing software. The underlying principles, theory, and roadmap of our work have been outlined in "The Design Principles of the Elixir Type System" by Giuseppe Castagna, Guillaume Duboc, José Valim.

At the moment, Elixir developers will interact with set-theoretic types only through warnings found by the type system. The current implementation models all data types in the language:

• binary(), integer(), float(), pid(), port(), reference() - these types are indivisible. This means both 1 and 13 get the same integer() type.

• atom() - it represents all atoms and it is divisible. For instance, the atom :foo and :hello_world are also valid (distinct) types.

• map() and structs - maps can be "closed" or "open". Closed maps only allow the specified keys, such as %{key: atom(), value: integer()}. Open maps support any other keys in addition to the ones listed and their definition starts with ..., such as %{..., key: atom(), value: integer()}. Structs are closed maps with the __struct__ key.

• tuple(), list(), and function() - currently they are modelled as indivisible types. The next Elixir versions will also introduce fine-grained support to them.

We focused on atoms and maps on this initial release as they are respectively the simplest and the most complex types representations, so we can stress the performance of the type system and quality of error messages. Modelling these types will also provide the most immediate benefits to Elixir developers. Assuming there is a variable named user, holding a %User{} struct with an address field, Elixir v1.17 will emit the following warnings at compile-time:

• Pattern matching against a map or a struct that does not have the given key, such as %{adress: ...} = user (notice address vs adress)

• Accessing a key on a map or a struct that does not have the given key, such as user.adress

• Updating a struct or a map that does not define the given key, such as %{user | adress: ...}

• Invoking a function on non-modules, such as user.address()

• Capturing a function on non-modules, such as &user.address/0

• Attempting to invoke to call an anonymous function without an actual function, such as user.()

• Performing structural comparisons with structs, such as my_date < ~D[2010-04-17]

• Performing structural comparisons between non-overlapping types, such as integer >= string

• Building and pattern matching on binaries without the relevant specifiers, such as <<name>> (this warns because by default it expects an integer, it should have been <<name::binary>> instead)

• Attempting to rescue an undefined exception or a struct that is not an exception

• Accessing a field that is not defined in a rescued exception

These new warnings help Elixir developers find bugs earlier and give more confidence when refactoring code, especially around maps and structs. While some of these warnings were emitted in the past, they were discovered using syntax analysis. The new warnings are more reliable, precise, and with better error messages. Keep in mind, however, that the Elixir typechecker only infers types from patterns within the same function at the moment. Analysis from guards and across function boundaries will be added in future relases. For more details, see our new reference document on gradual set-theoretic types.

The type system was made possible thanks to a partnership between CNRS and Remote. The development work is currently sponsored by Fresha, Starfish*, and Dashbit.

Erlang/OTP support

This release adds support for Erlang/OTP 27 and drops support for Erlang/OTP 24. We recommend Elixir developers to migrate to Erlang/OTP 26 or later, especially on Windows. Support for WERL (a graphical user interface for the Erlang terminal on Windows) will be removed in Elixir v1.18.

Adding Duration and shift/2 functions

Elixir introduces the Duration data type and APIs to shift dates, times, and date times by a given duration, considering different calendars and time zones.

iex> Date.shift(~D[2016-01-31], month: 2)
~D[2016-03-31]

Note the operation is called shift (instead of add) since working with durations does not obey properties such as associativity. For instance, adding one month and then one month does not give the same result as adding two months:

iex> ~D[2016-01-31] |> Date.shift(month: 1) |> Date.shift(month: 1)
~D[2016-03-29]

Still, durations are essential for building intervals, recurring events, and modelling scheduling complexities found in the world around us. For DateTimes, Elixir will correctly deal with time zone changes (such as Daylight Saving Time), but provisions are also available in case you want to surface conflicts (for example, you shifted to a wall clock that does not exist, because the clock has been moved forward by one hour). See DateTime.shift/2 for examples.

Finally, a new Kernel.to_timeout/1 function has been added, which helps developers normalize durations and integers to a timeout used by Process APIs. For example, to send a message after one hour, one can now write:

Process.send_after(pid, :wake_up, to_timeout(hour: 1))

v1.17.0 (2024-06-12)

1. Enhancements

Elixir

• [Access] Add Access.find/1 that mirrors Enum.find/2
• [Code] Support cursor inside fn/rescue/catch/else/after inside Code.Fragment.container_cursor_to_quoted/2
• [Date] Add Date.shift/2 to shift dates with duration and calendar-specific semantics
• [Date] Allow Date to accept years outside of -9999..9999 range
• [DateTime] Add DateTime.shift/2 to shift datetimes with duration and calendar-specific semantics
• [Duration] Add a new Duration data type
• [GenServer] Add c:GenServer.format_status/1 callback
• [Kernel] Add Kernel.get_in/1 with safe nil-handling for access and structs
• [Kernel] Add Kernel.is_non_struct_map/1 guard
• [Kernel] Add Kernel.to_timeout/1
• [Kernel] Emit warnings for undefined functions from modules defined within the same context as the caller code
• [Kernel] Support integers in uppercase sigils
• [Keyword] Add Keyword.intersect/2-3 to mirror the Map API
• [Macro] Add Macro.Env.define_alias/4, Macro.Env.define_import/4, Macro.Env.define_require/4, Macro.Env.expand_alias/4, Macro.Env.expand_import/5, and Macro.Env.expand_require/6 to aid the implementation of language servers and embedded languages
• [NaiveDateTime] Add NaiveDateTime.shift/2 to shift naive datetimes with duration and calendar-specific semantics
• [Process] Add Process.set_label/1
• [String] Add String.byte_slice/3 to slice a string to a maximum number of bytes while keeping it UTF-8 encoded
• [System] Support use_stdio: false in System.cmd/3 and System.shell/2
• [Time] Add Time.shift/2 to shift times with duration and calendar-specific semantics

ExUnit

• [ExUnit] Propagate the test process itself as a caller in start_supervised
• [ExUnit] Include max cases in ExUnit reports

IEx

• [IEx.Helpers] Warns if recompile was called and the current working directory changed
• [IEx.Helpers] Add c/0 as an alias to continue/0
• [IEx.Pry] Add IEx.Pry.annotate_quoted/3 to annotate a quoted expression with pry breakpoints

Logger

• [Logger] Format :gen_statem reports using Elixir data structures
• [Logger] Include process label in logger events

Mix

• [mix deps] Add :depth option to Mix.SCM.Git, thus supporting shallow clones of Git dependencies
• [mix deps] Warn if :optional is used in combination with :in_umbrella
• [mix deps.get] Do not add optional dependency requirements if its parent dep was skipped
• [mix deps.tree] Add --umbrella-only to mix deps.tree
• [mix profile.tprof] Add a new profiler, available on Erlang/OTP 27+, which can measure count, time, and heap usage
• [mix test] Add mix test --breakpoints that sets up a breakpoint before each test that will run
• [mix test] Add mix test --repeat-until-failure to rerun tests until a failure occurs
• [mix test] Add mix test --slowest-modules to print slowest modules based on all of the tests they hold
• [mix test] Generate cover HTML files in parallel

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [bin/elixir.bat] Improve handling of quotes and exclamation marks in flags
• [Code] Address a bug where AST nodes for (a -> b) were not wrapped as part of the literal encoder
• [Kernel] Resolve inconsistencies of how .. and ... are handled at the AST level
• [Kernel] Fix parsing precedence of ambiguous operators followed by containers
• [Kernel] Do not expand code in quote bind_quoted: ... twice
• [Kernel] Respect :line property when :file is given as option to quote
• [Kernel] Do not crash on Macro.escape/2 when passing a quote triplet without valid meta
• [Kernel] Avoid double tracing events when capturing a functi...

v1.17.0-rc.1

1. Enhancements

Elixir

• [Duration] Add Duration.to_iso8601/1 and Duration.from_iso8601/1
• [Keyword] Add Keyword.intersect/2-3 to mirror the Map API

Mix

• [mix profile.tprof] Add a new profiler, available on Erlang/OTP 27+, which can measure count, time, and heap usage
• [mix test] Generate cover HTML files in parallel

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Kernel] Avoid double tracing events when capturing a function
• [Kernel] Fix a bug where captured arguments would conflict when a capture included a macro that also used captures

3. Soft deprecations

Mix

• [mix profile.cprof] Deprecated in favor of the new mix profile.tprof
• [mix profile.eprof] Deprecated in favor of the new mix profile.tprof

v1.17.0-rc.0

This release includes type inference of patterns to provide warnings for an initial set of constructs (binaries, maps, and atoms). It also includes a new Duration data type to interact with Calendar types and support for Erlang/OTP 27.

Warnings from gradual set-theoretic types

This release introduces gradual set-theoretic types to infer types from patterns and guards and use them to type check programs, enabling the Elixir compiler to find faults and bugs in codebases without requiring changes to existing software. The underlying principles, theory, and roadmap of our work have been outlined in "The Design Principles of the Elixir Type System" by Giuseppe Castagna, Guillaume Duboc, José Valim.

At the moment, Elixir developers will interact with set-theoretic types only through warnings found by the type system. The current implementation models all data types in the language:

• binary(), integer(), float(), pid(), port(), reference() - these types are indivisible. This means both 1 and 13 get the same integer() type.

• atom() - it represents all atoms and it is divisible. For instance, the atom :foo and :hello_world are also valid (distinct) types.

• map() and structs - maps can be "closed" or "open". Closed maps only allow the specified allows keys, such as %{key: atom(), value: integer()}. Open maps support any other keys in addition to the ones listed and their definition starts with ..., such as %{..., key: atom(), value: integer()}. Structs are closed maps with the __struct__ key.

• tuple(), list(), and function() - currently they are modelled as indivisible types. The next Elixir versions will also introduce fine-grained support to them.

We focused on atoms and maps on this initial release as they are respectively the simplest and the most complex types representations, so we can stress the performance of the type system and quality of error messages. Modelling these types will also provide the most immediate benefits to Elixir developers. Assuming there is a variable named user, holding a %User{} struct with an address field, Elixir v1.17 will emit the following warnings at compile-time:

• Pattern matching against a map or a struct that does not have the given key, such as %{adress: ...} = user (notice address vs adress)

• Accessing a key on a map or a struct that does not have the given key, such as user.adress

• Updating a struct or a map that does not define the given key, such as %{user | adress: ...}

• Invoking a function on non-modules, such as user.address()

• Capturing a function on non-modules, such as &user.address/0

• Performing structural comparisons with structs, such as my_date < ~D[2010-04-17]

• Performing structural comparisons between non-overlapping types, such as integer >= string

• Building and pattern matching on binaries without the relevant specifiers, such as <<string>> (this warns because by default it expects an integer)

• Attempting to rescue an undefined exception or an exception that is not a struct

• Accessing a field that is not defined in a rescued exception

These new warnings help Elixir developers find bugs earlier and give more confidence when refactoring code, especially around maps and structs. While some of these warnings were emitted in the past, they were discovered using syntax analysis. The new warnings are more reliable, precise, and with better error messages. Keep in mind that not all maps have statically known keys, and the Elixir typechecker only infers types from patterns at the moment.

Future Elixir versions will infer and type check more constructs, bringing Elixir developers more warnings and quality of life improvements without changes to code. For more details, see our new reference document on gradual set-theoretic types.

The type system was made possible thanks to a partnership between CNRS and Remote. The development work is currently sponsored by Fresha, Starfish*, and Dashbit.

Erlang/OTP support

This release adds support for Erlang/OTP 27 and drops support for Erlang/OTP 24. We recommend Elixir developers to migrate to Erlang/OTP 26 or later, especially on Windows. Support for WERL (a graphical user interface for the Erlang terminal on Windows) will be removed in Elixir v1.18.

Adding Duration and shift/2 functions

Elixir introduces the Duration data type and APIs to shift dates, times, and date times by a given duration, considering different calendars and time zones.

iex> Date.shift(~D[2016-01-31], month: 2)
~D[2016-03-31]

Note the operation is called shift (instead of add) since working with durations does not obey properties such as associativity. For instance, adding one month and then one month does not give the same result as adding two months:

iex> ~D[2016-01-31] |> Date.shift(month: 1) |> Date.shift(month: 1)
~D[2016-03-29]

Still, durations are essential for building intervals, recurring events, and modelling scheduling complexities found in the world around us. For DateTimes, Elixir will correctly deal with time zone changes (such as Daylight Saving Time), but provisions are also available in case you want to surface conflicts (for example, you shifted to a wall clock that does not exist, because the clock has been moved forward by one hour). See DateTime.shift/2 for examples.

Finally, a new Kernel.to_timeout/1 function has been added, which helps developers normalize durations and integers to a timeout used by Process APIs. For example, to send a message after one hour, one can now write:

Process.send_after(pid, :wake_up, to_timeout(hour: 1))

1. Enhancements

Elixir

• [Access] Add Access.find/1 that mirrors Enum.find/2
• [Code] Support cursor inside fn/rescue/catch/else/after inside Code.Fragment.container_cursor_to_quoted/2
• [Date] Add Date.shift/2 to shift dates with duration and calendar-specific semantics
• [Date] Allow Date to accept years outside of -9999..9999 range
• [DateTime] Add DateTime.shift/2 to shift datetimes with duration and calendar-specific semantics
• [Duration] Add a new Duration data type
• [GenServer] Add c:GenServer.format_status/1 callback
• [Kernel] Add Kernel.get_in/1 with safe nil-handling for access and structs
• [Kernel] Add Kernel.is_non_struct_map/1 guard
• [Kernel] Add Kernel.to_timeout/1
• [Kernel] Emit warnings for undefined functions from modules defined within the same context as the caller code
• [Kernel] Support integers in uppercase sigils
• [Macro] Add Macro.Env.define_alias/4, Macro.Env.define_import/4, Macro.Env.define_require/4, Macro.Env.expand_alias/4, Macro.Env.expand_import/5, and Macro.Env.expand_require/6 to aid the implementation of language servers and embedded languages
• [NaiveDateTime] Add NaiveDateTime.shift/2 to shift naive datetimes with duration and calendar-specific semantics
• [Process] Add Process.set_label/1
• [String] Add String.byte_slice/3 to slice a string to a maximum number of bytes while keeping it UTF-8 encoded
• [System] Support use_stdio: false in System.cmd/3 and System.shell/2
• [Time] Add Time.shift/2 to shift times with duration and calendar-specific semantics

ExUnit

• [ExUnit] Propagate the test process itself as a caller in start_supervised
• [ExUnit] Include max cases in ExUnit reports

IEx

• [IEx.Helpers] Warns if recompile was called and the current working directory changed
• [IEx.Helpers] Add c/0 as an alias to continue/0
• [IEx.Pry] Add IEx.Pry.annotate_quoted/3 to annotate a quoted expression with pry breakpoints

Logger

• [Logger] Format :gen_statem reports using Elixir data structures
• [Logger] Include process label in logger events

Mix

• [mix deps] Add :depth option to Mix.SCM.Git, thus supporting shallow clones of Git dependencies
• [mix deps] Warn if :optional is used in combination with :in_umbrella
• [mix deps.get] Do not add optional dependency requirements if its parent dep was skipped
• [mix deps.tree] Add --umbrella-only to mix deps.tree
• [mix test] Add mix test --breakpoints that sets up a breakpoint before each test that will run
• [mix test] Add mix test --repeat-until-failure to rerun tests until a failure occurs
• [mix test] Add mix test --slowest-modules to print slowest modules based on all of the tests they hold

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [bin/elixir.bat] Improve handling of quotes and exclamation marks in flags
• [Code] Address a bug where AST nodes for (a -> b) were not wrapped as part of the literal encoder
• [Kernel] Resolve inconsistencies of how .. and ... are handled at the AST level
• [Kernel] Fix parsing precedence of ambiguous operators followed by containers
• [Kernel] Do not expand code in quote bind_quoted: ... twice
• [Kernel] Respect :line property when :file is given as option to quote
• [Kernel] Do not crash on Macro.escape/2 when passing a quote triplet without valid meta
• [Module] Return default value in Module.get_attribute/3 for persisted attributes which have not yet been written to

IEx

• [IEx.Helpers] Update the history size whenever history is pruned

Mix

• [mix deps] Fix error message for diverged SCM definition in sibling

3. Soft deprecations (no warnings emitted)

Elixir

• [GenServer] Deprecate c:GenServer.format_status/2 callback to align with Erlang/OTP 25+

4. Hard deprecations

...

v1.16.3

1. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [bin/elixir] Properly handle the --dbg flag in Elixir's CLI
• [Code.Formatter] Add brackets around keyword lists when formatting the left-hand side of when
• [Kernel] Only infer size in pinned variable in binary strings when needed
• [System] Add a note that arguments are unsafe when invoking .bat/.com scripts on Windows via System.cmd/3
• [Port] Add a note that arguments are unsafe when invoking .bat/.com scripts on Windows
• [URI] Ensure :undefined fields are properly converted to nil when invoking Erlang's API

Logger

• [Logger] Ensure translators are persisted across logger restarts

Mix

• [mix compile] Ensure compile paths are accessible during compilation

v1.15.8

1. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [bin/elixir] Properly handle the --dbg flag in Elixir's CLI
• [System] Add a note that arguments are unsafe when invoking .bat/.com scripts on Windows via System.cmd/3
• [Port] Add a note that arguments are unsafe when invoking .bat/.com scripts on Windows
• [URI] Ensure :undefined fields are properly converted to nil when invoking Erlang's API

Logger

• [Logger] Ensure translators are persisted across logger restarts

Mix

• [mix compile] Ensure compile paths are accessible during compilation

v1.16.2

1. Enhancements

Elixir

• [Code] Emit :defmodule tracing event on module definition

Mix

• [Mix] Add Mix.install_project_dir/0
• [Mix] Add environment variable for reusing Mix.install/2 installation
• [Mix.SCM] Add Mix.SCM.delete/1

2. Bug fixes

Elixir

• [Code] Fix charlist formatting issue when a single-quoted charlist escapes a double-quote character
• [Path] Fix regression on how Path.relative_to/2 dealt with "." as input

IEx

• [IEx.Helpers] Discard mermaid fenced blocks from ansi docs

ExUnit

• [ExUnit] Properly compared pinned values when building diffs