Most of size gone and most of constructor use replaces.

std-bits/table/src/main/java/org/enso/table/data/column/operation/map/bool/BooleanIsInOp.java

@@ -60,10 +60,10 @@ public Storage<?> runZip(
   }
 
   private BoolStorage run(BoolStorage storage, boolean hadNull, boolean hadTrue, boolean hadFalse) {
-    int size = storage.size();
+    // ToDo: BoolStorage works on ints, so casting to an int here.
+    int size = (int)storage.getSize();
     ImmutableBitSet values = new ImmutableBitSet(storage.getValues(), size);
     ImmutableBitSet isNothing = new ImmutableBitSet(storage.getIsNothingMap(), size);
-    boolean negated = storage.isNegated();
 
     ImmutableBitSet newValues;
     ImmutableBitSet newIsNothing;

std-bits/table/src/main/java/org/enso/table/data/column/operation/map/numeric/comparisons/NumericComparison.java

@@ -159,27 +159,22 @@ protected Storage<Boolean> runDoubleMap(
     return builder.seal();
   }
 
-  protected BoolStorage runBigIntegerMap(
+  protected Storage<Boolean> runBigIntegerMap(
       BigIntegerArrayAdapter lhs, BigInteger rhs, MapOperationProblemAggregator problemAggregator) {
     int n = lhs.size();
-    BitSet comparisonResults = new BitSet();
-    BitSet isNothing = new BitSet();
+    var builder = Builder.getForBoolean(n);
     Context context = Context.getCurrent();
     for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
       BigInteger item = lhs.getItem(i);
       if (item == null) {
-        isNothing.set(i);
+        builder.appendNulls(1);
       } else {
         boolean r = doBigInteger(item, rhs);
-        if (r) {
-          comparisonResults.set(i);
-        }
+        builder.appendBoolean(r);
       }
-
       context.safepoint();
     }
-
-    return new BoolStorage(comparisonResults, isNothing, n, false);
+    return builder.seal();
   }
 
   protected Storage<Boolean> runBigDecimalMap(

std-bits/table/src/main/java/org/enso/table/data/column/operation/map/text/StringBooleanOp.java

@@ -61,48 +61,40 @@ public Storage<Boolean> runBinaryMap(
   }
 
   @Override
-  public BoolStorage runZip(
+  public Storage<Boolean> runZip(
       SpecializedStorage<String> storage,
       Storage<?> arg,
       MapOperationProblemAggregator problemAggregator) {
     Context context = Context.getCurrent();
     if (arg instanceof StringStorage v) {
-      BitSet newVals = new BitSet();
-      BitSet newIsNothing = new BitSet();
-      for (int i = 0; i < storage.size(); i++) {
-        if (!storage.isNothing(i) && i < v.size() && !v.isNothing(i)) {
-          if (doString(storage.getBoxed(i), v.getBoxed(i))) {
-            newVals.set(i);
-          }
+      long size = storage.getSize();
+      var builder = Builder.getForBoolean(size);
+      for (long i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        if (!storage.isNothing(i) && i < v.getSize() && !v.isNothing(i)) {
+          builder.appendBoolean(doString(storage.getBoxed(i), v.getBoxed(i)));
         } else {
-          newIsNothing.set(i);
+          builder.appendNulls(1);
         }
-
         context.safepoint();
       }
-      return new BoolStorage(newVals, newIsNothing, storage.size(), false);
+      return builder.seal();
     } else {
-      BitSet newVals = new BitSet();
-      BitSet newIsNothing = new BitSet();
-      for (int i = 0; i < storage.size(); i++) {
-        if (!storage.isNothing(i) && i < arg.size() && !arg.isNothing(i)) {
+      long size = storage.getSize();
+      var builder = Builder.getForBoolean(size);
+      for (long i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+        if (!storage.isNothing(i) && i < arg.getSize() && !arg.isNothing(i)) {
           Object x = arg.getBoxed(i);
           if (x instanceof String str) {
-            if (doString(storage.getBoxed(i), str)) {
-              newVals.set(i);
-            }
+            builder.appendBoolean(doString(storage.getBoxed(i), str));
           } else {
-            if (doObject(storage.getBoxed(i), x)) {
-              newVals.set(i);
-            }
+            builder.appendBoolean(doObject(storage.getBoxed(i), x));
           }
         } else {
-          newIsNothing.set(i);
+          builder.appendNulls(1);
         }
-
         context.safepoint();
       }
-      return new BoolStorage(newVals, newIsNothing, storage.size(), false);
+      return builder.seal();
     }
   }
 }

std-bits/table/src/main/java/org/enso/table/data/column/operation/map/text/StringLongToStringOp.java

@@ -3,8 +3,10 @@
 import org.enso.table.data.column.builder.Builder;
 import org.enso.table.data.column.operation.map.BinaryMapOperation;
 import org.enso.table.data.column.operation.map.MapOperationProblemAggregator;
+import org.enso.table.data.column.storage.BoolStorage;
 import org.enso.table.data.column.storage.SpecializedStorage;
 import org.enso.table.data.column.storage.Storage;
+import org.enso.table.data.column.storage.StringStorage;
 import org.enso.table.data.column.storage.numeric.LongStorage;
 import org.enso.table.data.column.storage.type.TextType;
 import org.enso.table.error.UnexpectedTypeException;
@@ -19,52 +21,47 @@ public StringLongToStringOp(String name) {
   protected abstract String doOperation(String a, long b);
 
   @Override
-  public Storage<?> runBinaryMap(
+  public Storage<String> runBinaryMap(
       SpecializedStorage<String> storage,
       Object arg,
       MapOperationProblemAggregator problemAggregator) {
-    int size = storage.size();
-    var builder = Builder.getForText(size, TextType.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
+    long size = storage.getSize();
     if (arg == null) {
-      builder.appendNulls(size);
-      return builder.seal();
+      return StringStorage.makeEmpty(size, TextType.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
     } else if (arg instanceof Long argLong) {
+      var builder = Builder.getForText(size, TextType.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
       Context context = Context.getCurrent();
-      for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      for (long i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         if (storage.isNothing(i)) {
           builder.appendNulls(1);
         } else {
           builder.append(doOperation(storage.getBoxed(i), argLong));
         }
-
         context.safepoint();
       }
-
       return builder.seal();
     } else {
       throw new UnexpectedTypeException("a Text");
     }
   }
 
   @Override
-  public Storage<?> runZip(
+  public Storage<String> runZip(
       SpecializedStorage<String> storage,
       Storage<?> arg,
       MapOperationProblemAggregator problemAggregator) {
     if (arg instanceof LongStorage v) {
-      int size = storage.size();
+      long size = storage.getSize();
       var builder = Builder.getForText(size, TextType.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
       Context context = Context.getCurrent();
-      for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      for (long i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         if (storage.isNothing(i) || v.isNothing(i)) {
           builder.appendNulls(1);
         } else {
           builder.append(doOperation(storage.getBoxed(i), v.getBoxed(i)));
         }
-
         context.safepoint();
       }
-
       return builder.seal();
     } else {
       throw new UnexpectedTypeException("a Text column");

std-bits/table/src/main/java/org/enso/table/data/column/operation/map/text/StringStringOp.java

@@ -21,28 +21,25 @@ public StringStringOp(String name) {
   protected abstract TextType computeResultType(TextType a, TextType b);
 
   @Override
-  public Storage<?> runBinaryMap(
+  public Storage<String> runBinaryMap(
       SpecializedStorage<String> storage,
       Object arg,
       MapOperationProblemAggregator problemAggregator) {
-    int size = storage.size();
+    long size = storage.getSize();
     if (arg == null) {
-      var builder = Builder.getForText(size, TextType.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
-      builder.appendNulls(size);
-      return builder.seal();
+      return StringStorage.makeEmpty(size, TextType.VARIABLE_LENGTH);
     } else if (arg instanceof String argString) {
       TextType argumentType = TextType.preciseTypeForValue(argString);
       TextType newType = computeResultType((TextType) storage.getType(), argumentType);
 
       var builder = Builder.getForText(size, newType);
       Context context = Context.getCurrent();
-      for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      for (long i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         if (storage.isNothing(i)) {
           builder.appendNulls(1);
         } else {
           builder.append(doString(storage.getBoxed(i), argString));
         }
-
         context.safepoint();
       }
 
@@ -53,25 +50,23 @@ public Storage<?> runBinaryMap(
   }
 
   @Override
-  public Storage<?> runZip(
+  public Storage<String> runZip(
       SpecializedStorage<String> storage,
       Storage<?> arg,
       MapOperationProblemAggregator problemAggregator) {
     if (arg instanceof StringStorage v) {
       TextType newType = computeResultType((TextType) storage.getType(), v.getType());
-      int size = storage.size();
+      long size = storage.getSize();
       var builder = Builder.getForText(size, newType);
       Context context = Context.getCurrent();
-      for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      for (long i = 0; i < size; i++) {
         if (storage.isNothing(i) || v.isNothing(i)) {
           builder.appendNulls(1);
         } else {
           builder.append(doString(storage.getBoxed(i), v.getBoxed(i)));
         }
-
         context.safepoint();
       }
-
       return builder.seal();
     } else {
       throw new UnexpectedTypeException("a Text column");

std-bits/table/src/main/java/org/enso/table/data/column/storage/BoolStorage.java

@@ -152,53 +152,46 @@ public Storage<?> fillMissingFromPrevious(BoolStorage missingIndicator) {
 
     boolean previousValue = false;
     boolean hasPrevious = false;
-    BitSet newIsNothing = new BitSet();
-    BitSet newValues = new BitSet();
+    long size = getSize();
+    var builder = Builder.getForBoolean(size);
 
     Context context = Context.getCurrent();
-    for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
-      boolean isCurrentValueMissing = isNothing.get(i);
+    for (long i = 0; i < size; i++) {
+      boolean isCurrentValueMissing = isNothing(i);
       if (isCurrentValueMissing) {
         if (hasPrevious) {
-          newValues.set(i, previousValue);
+          builder.appendBoolean(previousValue);
         } else {
-          newIsNothing.set(i);
+          builder.appendNulls(1);
         }
       } else {
         boolean currentValue = getPrimitive(i);
-        newValues.set(i, currentValue);
+        builder.appendBoolean(currentValue);
         previousValue = currentValue;
         hasPrevious = true;
       }
 
       context.safepoint();
     }
 
-    return new BoolStorage(newValues, newIsNothing, size, false);
+    return builder.seal();
   }
 
   @Override
-  public BoolStorage applyFilter(BitSet filterMask, int newLength) {
+  public Storage<Boolean> applyFilter(BitSet filterMask, int newLength) {
     Context context = Context.getCurrent();
-    BitSet newIsNothing = new BitSet();
-    BitSet newValues = new BitSet();
-    int resultIx = 0;
+    var builder = Builder.getForBoolean(newLength);
     for (int i = 0; i < size; i++) {
       if (filterMask.get(i)) {
         if (isNothing.get(i)) {
-          newIsNothing.set(resultIx++);
-        } else if (values.get(i)) {
-          newValues.set(resultIx++);
+          builder.appendNulls(1);
         } else {
-          // We don't set any bits, but still increment the counter to indicate that we have just
-          // 'inserted' a false value.
-          resultIx++;
+          builder.appendBoolean(getPrimitive(i));
         }
       }
-
       context.safepoint();
     }
-    return new BoolStorage(newValues, newIsNothing, newLength, negated);
+    return builder.seal();
   }
 
   @Override

std-bits/table/src/main/java/org/enso/table/data/column/storage/MixedStorage.java

@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ public StorageType inferPreciseType() {
       StorageType currentType = null;
 
       Context context = Context.getCurrent();
-      for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+      for (long i = 0; i < getSize(); i++) {
         var item = getBoxed(i);
         if (item == null) {
           continue;
@@ -131,8 +131,8 @@ public Storage<?> getInferredStorage() {
         // for purposes of a
         // computation.
         Builder builder =
-            Builder.getForType(inferredType, size(), BlackholeProblemAggregator.INSTANCE);
-        for (int i = 0; i < size(); i++) {
+            Builder.getForType(inferredType, getSize(), BlackholeProblemAggregator.INSTANCE);
+        for (long i = 0; i < getSize(); i++) {
           builder.append(getBoxed(i));
         }
         cachedInferredStorage = builder.seal();

std-bits/table/src/main/java/org/enso/table/data/column/storage/Storage.java

@@ -22,11 +22,7 @@ public abstract class Storage<T> implements ColumnStorage<T> {
   /** A constant representing the index of a missing value in a column. */
   public static final int NOT_FOUND_INDEX = -1;
 
-  /**
-   * @return the number of elements in this column (including NAs)
-   */
-  public final int size() {
-    return Math.toIntExact(getSize());
+  public int size() { return -1;
   }
 
   @Override