[contributing] Various additions & some minor copy fixes/tweaks

[kbx81]

Description:

A second round of updates for contributing.rst.

Related issue (if applicable): fixes

Pull request in esphome with YAML changes (if applicable): esphome/esphome#

Checklist:

• I am merging into next because this is new documentation that has a matching pull-request in esphome as linked above.
  or

• I am merging into current because this is a fix, change and/or adjustment in the current documentation and is not for a new component or feature.

• Link added in /index.rst when creating new documents for new components or cookbook.

[coderabbitai]

Walkthrough

The changes to the contributing guidelines for the ESPHome project include a restructured review process that emphasizes the importance of smaller, focused pull requests (PRs) for easier review. A new section invites community members to help review PRs by testing and providing feedback. The guidelines clarify expectations regarding code quality, naming conventions, and complexity, with specific examples illustrating acceptable coding practices.

Changes

Files	Change Summary
guides/contributing.rst	Enhanced review process section, added guidance for smaller PRs, new section on reviewing PRs, clarified code quality expectations, and provided examples for acceptable coding practices.

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Recent review details

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Commits

Files that changed from the base of the PR and between 1cc226b and d55503d.

Files selected for processing (1)

• guides/contributing.rst (5 hunks)

Files skipped from review as they are similar to previous changes (1)

• guides/contributing.rst

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