ethereum · corwintines · Dec 17, 2024 · Dec 13, 2024
@@ -252,7 +252,7 @@ This site uses **sentence casing** for header names as a convention. Only the fi
 
 ### Setting Up Your Wallet
 
-### Getting Enough Ether
+### Getting Enough ether
 ```
 
 ### Article authors {#authors}

@@ -324,7 +324,7 @@ You can think of DeFi in layers:
 3. The protocols – [smart contracts](/glossary/#smart-contract) that provide the functionality, for example, a service that allows for decentralized lending of assets.
 4. [The applications](/dapps/) – the products we use to manage and access the protocols.
 
-Note: much of DeFi uses the [ERC-20 standard](/glossary/#erc-20). Applications in DeFi use a wrapper for ETH called Wrapped Ether (WETH). [Learn more about wrapped ether](/wrapped-eth).
+Note: much of DeFi uses the [ERC-20 standard](/glossary/#erc-20). Applications in DeFi use a wrapper for ETH called Wrapped ether (WETH). [Learn more about wrapped ether](/wrapped-eth).
 
 ## Build DeFi {#build-defi}
 

@@ -992,7 +992,7 @@ curl -X POST --data '{"jsonrpc":"2.0","method":"eth_sendRawTransaction","params"
 
 ### eth_call {#eth_call}
 
-Executes a new message call immediately without creating a transaction on the block chain. Often used for executing read-only smart contract functions, for example the `balanceOf` for an ERC-20 contract.
+Executes a new message call immediately without creating a transaction on the blockchain. Often used for executing read-only smart contract functions, for example the `balanceOf` for an ERC-20 contract.
 
 **Parameters**
 

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Some basic familiarity with common terminology in computer science such as [byte
 
 The analogy of a 'distributed ledger' is often used to describe blockchains like Bitcoin, which enable a decentralized currency using fundamental tools of cryptography. The ledger maintains a record of activity which must adhere to a set of rules that govern what someone can and cannot do to modify the ledger. For example, a Bitcoin address cannot spend more Bitcoin than it has previously received. These rules underpin all transactions on Bitcoin and many other blockchains.
 
-While Ethereum has its own native cryptocurrency (Ether) that follows almost exactly the same intuitive rules, it also enables a much more powerful function: [smart contracts](/developers/docs/smart-contracts/). For this more complex feature, a more sophisticated analogy is required. Instead of a distributed ledger, Ethereum is a distributed [state machine](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite-state_machine). Ethereum's state is a large data structure which holds not only all accounts and balances, but a _machine state_, which can change from block to block according to a pre-defined set of rules, and which can execute arbitrary machine code. The specific rules of changing state from block to block are defined by the EVM.
+While Ethereum has its own native cryptocurrency (ether) that follows almost exactly the same intuitive rules, it also enables a much more powerful function: [smart contracts](/developers/docs/smart-contracts/). For this more complex feature, a more sophisticated analogy is required. Instead of a distributed ledger, Ethereum is a distributed [state machine](https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite-state_machine). Ethereum's state is a large data structure which holds not only all accounts and balances, but a _machine state_, which can change from block to block according to a pre-defined set of rules, and which can execute arbitrary machine code. The specific rules of changing state from block to block are defined by the EVM.
 
 ![A diagram showing the make up of the EVM](./evm.png)
 _Diagram adapted from [Ethereum EVM illustrated](https://takenobu-hs.github.io/downloads/ethereum_evm_illustrated.pdf)_

@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ Users can query the ether balance of any [account](/developers/docs/accounts/) b
 
 ## Further reading {#further-reading}
 
-- [Defining Ether and Ethereum](https://www.cmegroup.com/education/courses/introduction-to-ether/defining-ether-and-ethereum.html) – _CME Group_
+- [Defining ether and Ethereum](https://www.cmegroup.com/education/courses/introduction-to-ether/defining-ether-and-ethereum.html) – _CME Group_
 - [Ethereum Whitepaper](/whitepaper/): The original proposal for Ethereum. This document includes a description of ether and the motivations behind its creation.
 - [Gwei Calculator](https://www.alchemy.com/gwei-calculator): Use this gwei calculator to easily convert wei, gwei, and ether. Simply plug in any amount of wei, gwei, or ETH and automatically calculate the conversion.
 

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ Although exit games sound nice in theory, real-life mass exits will likely trigg
 
 | Pros                                                                                                                                                                                                                             | Cons                                                                                                                                                                         |
 | -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
-| Offers high throughput and low cost per transaction.                                                                                                                                                                             | Does not support general computation (cannot run smart contracts. Only basic token transfers, swaps, and a few other transaction types are supported via predicate logic.    |
+| Offers high throughput and low cost per transaction.                                                                                                                                                                             | Does not support general computation (cannot run smart contracts). Only basic token transfers, swaps, and a few other transaction types are supported via predicate logic.    |
 | Good for transactions between arbitrary users (no overhead per user pair if both are established on the plasma chain)                                                                                                            | Need to periodically watch the network (liveness requirement) or delegate this responsibility to someone else to ensure the security of your funds.                          |
 | Plasma chains can be adapted to specific use-cases that are unrelated to the main chain. Anyone, including businesses, can customize Plasma smart contracts to provide scalable infrastructure that works in different contexts. | Relies on one or more operators to store data and serve it upon request.                                                                                                     |
 | Reduces load on Ethereum Mainnet by moving computation and storage off-chain.                                                                                                                                                    | Withdrawals are delayed by several days to allow for challenges. For fungible assets, this can be mitigated by liquidity providers, but there is an associated capital cost. |

@@ -99,7 +99,7 @@ That said, you should avoid treating audits as a silver bullet. Smart contract a
 
 Setting up a bug bounty program is another approach for implementing external code reviews. A bug bounty is a financial reward given to individuals (usually whitehat hackers) that discover vulnerabilities in an application.
 
-When used properly, bug bounties give members of the hacker community incentive to inspect your code for critical flaws. A real-life example is the “infinite money bug” that would have let an attacker create an unlimited amount of Ether on [Optimism](https://www.optimism.io/), a [Layer 2](/layer-2/) protocol running on Ethereum. Fortunately, a whitehat hacker [discovered the flaw](https://www.saurik.com/optimism.html) and notified the team, [earning a large payout in the process](https://cryptoslate.com/critical-bug-in-ethereum-l2-optimism-2m-bounty-paid/).
+When used properly, bug bounties give members of the hacker community incentive to inspect your code for critical flaws. A real-life example is the “infinite money bug” that would have let an attacker create an unlimited amount of ether on [Optimism](https://www.optimism.io/), a [Layer 2](/layer-2/) protocol running on Ethereum. Fortunately, a whitehat hacker [discovered the flaw](https://www.saurik.com/optimism.html) and notified the team, [earning a large payout in the process](https://cryptoslate.com/critical-bug-in-ethereum-l2-optimism-2m-bounty-paid/).
 
 A useful strategy is to set the payout of a bug bounty program in proportion to the amount of funds at stake. Described as the “[scaling bug bounty](https://medium.com/immunefi/a-defi-security-standard-the-scaling-bug-bounty-9b83dfdc1ba7)”, this approach provides financial incentives for individuals to responsibly disclose vulnerabilities instead of exploiting them.
 
@@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ The EVM doesn’t permit concurrency, meaning two contracts involved in a messag
 
 Although mostly harmless, transferring control flow to untrusted contracts can cause problems, such as reentrancy. A reentrancy attack occurs when a malicious contract calls back into a vulnerable contract before the original function invocation is complete. This type of attack is best explained with an example.
 
-Consider a simple smart contract (‘Victim’) that allows anyone to deposit and withdraw Ether:
+Consider a simple smart contract (‘Victim’) that allows anyone to deposit and withdraw ether:
 
 ```solidity
 // This contract is vulnerable. Do not use in production

@@ -213,7 +213,7 @@ Running contracts on a local blockchain could be useful as a form of manual inte
 
 ### Testing contracts on testnets {#testing-contracts-on-testnets}
 
-A test network or testnet works exactly like Ethereum Mainnet, except that it uses Ether (ETH) with no real-world value. Deploying your contract on a [testnet](/developers/docs/networks/#ethereum-testnets) means anyone can interact with it (e.g., via the dapp's frontend) without putting funds at risk.
+A test network or testnet works exactly like Ethereum Mainnet, except that it uses ether (ETH) with no real-world value. Deploying your contract on a [testnet](/developers/docs/networks/#ethereum-testnets) means anyone can interact with it (e.g., via the dapp's frontend) without putting funds at risk.
 
 This form of manual testing is useful for evaluating the end-to-end flow of your application from a user’s point of view. Here, beta testers can also perform trial runs and report any issues with the contract’s business logic and overall functionality.
 

@@ -155,7 +155,7 @@ If an ERC-20 token is sent to the `RecipientContract`, the tokens will be transf
 
 ### What if we want to execute some function after the token deposit is completed? {#function-execution}
 
-There are multiple ways of doing so. In this example we will follow the method which makes ERC-223 transfers identical to Ether transfers:
+There are multiple ways of doing so. In this example we will follow the method which makes ERC-223 transfers identical to ether transfers:
 
 ```solidity
 contract RecipientContract is IERC223Recipient {
@@ -178,7 +178,7 @@ contract RecipientContract is IERC223Recipient {
 }
 ```
 
-When the `RecipientContract` will receive a ERC-223 token the contract will execute a function encoded as `_data` parameter of the token transaction, identical to how Ether transactions encode function calls as transaction `data`. Read [the data field](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/transactions/#the-data-field) for more information.
+When the `RecipientContract` will receive a ERC-223 token the contract will execute a function encoded as `_data` parameter of the token transaction, identical to how ether transactions encode function calls as transaction `data`. Read [the data field](https://ethereum.org/en/developers/docs/transactions/#the-data-field) for more information.
 
 In the above example an ERC-223 token must be transferred to the address of the `RecipientContract` with the `transfer(address,uin256,bytes calldata _data)` function. If the data parameter will be `0xc2985578` (the signature of a `foo()` function) then the function foo() will be invoked after the token deposit is received and the event Foo() will be fired.
 

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Le Web3 permet la propriété directe via les [jetons non-fongibles (NFT)](/glos
 <InfoBanner shouldSpaceBetween emoji=":eyes:">
   <div>En savoir plus sur les NFT</div>
   <ButtonLink href="/nft/">
-    Plus d'infos sur les NTF
+    Plus d'infos sur les NFT
   </ButtonLink>
 </InfoBanner>
 

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Nel mondo dei NFT, il MEV è un fenomeno emergente e non necessariamente redditi
 
 Tuttavia, poiché le transazioni di NFT hanno luogo sulla stessa blockchain condivisa da tutte le transazioni di Ethereum, i ricercatori possono usare tecniche simili a quelle usate per le opportunità di MEV tradizionali anche nel mercato dei NFT.
 
-Per esempio, se si verifica un calo a livello di un NFT popolare e un ricercatore vuole un certo NFT o una serie di NFT, può programmare una transazione in modo tale da essere il primo ad acquistare il NTF o l'intera serie di NTF in una sola transazione. Oppure, se un NFT viene [erroneamente elencato a un prezzo basso](https://www.theblockcrypto.com/post/113546/mistake-sees-69000-cryptopunk-sold-for-less-than-a-cent), un ricercatore può scavalcare gli altri acquirenti e ottenerlo a buon mercato.
+Per esempio, se si verifica un calo a livello di un NFT popolare e un ricercatore vuole un certo NFT o una serie di NFT, può programmare una transazione in modo tale da essere il primo ad acquistare il NFT o l'intera serie di NFT in una sola transazione. Oppure, se un NFT viene [erroneamente elencato a un prezzo basso](https://www.theblockcrypto.com/post/113546/mistake-sees-69000-cryptopunk-sold-for-less-than-a-cent), un ricercatore può scavalcare gli altri acquirenti e ottenerlo a buon mercato.
 
 Un esempio eloquente di MEV nel mondo dei NFT si è verificato quando un ricercatore ha speso $7 milioni per [comprare](https://etherscan.io/address/0x650dCdEB6ecF05aE3CAF30A70966E2F395d5E9E5) ogni singolo Cryptopunk al prezzo di base. Un ricercatore della blockchain [ha spiegato su Twitter](https://twitter.com/IvanBogatyy/status/1422232184493121538) come l'acquirente avesse lavorato con un fornitore di MEV per mantenere segreto l'acquisto.
 

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Si as intanet of NFTs dey compia to di intanet wey plenti of us dey yus today...
 | Dem store ownaship of NFT on di blockchain for anyone to **verify am for publik**.                                                                                              | Na institushons dey kontrol ** di access to ownaship rekod of digital items** - and yu go biliv wetin dem tok.                                                   |
 | NFTs na [ smart kontracts](/glossary/#smart-contract) wey dey on top Ethereum. Dis mean sey dem ** fit yus dem for oda smart contracts** and aplikashon wey dey ontop Ethereum! | Kompanis wey get digital items dey always ** nid dem own "walled garden" infrastrukshure**.                                                                      |
 | Pipol wey dey kreate **kontent fit sell dem work anywia** and fit enta one global market.get access to di global market.                                                        | Kreators dey dipend on di infrastructure and distribushon wey di platfoms wey dem yus provide for dem. Dis dey onda tams of yus and **geografika restrikshons**. |
-| Pipol wey dey kreate NFT** fit retain ownaship rites** ova them own work and program royaltis direct into di NTF kontract.                                                      | Platfoms, laik savis ** wey dey stream musik, dey retain di plenti profits from sales**.                                                                         |
+| Pipol wey dey kreate NFT** fit retain ownaship rites** ova them own work and program royaltis direct into di NFT kontract.                                                      | Platfoms, laik savis ** wey dey stream musik, dey retain di plenti profits from sales**.                                                                         |
 
 ## Wetin dem dey yus NFT for? {#nft-use-cases}
 

@@ -152,7 +152,7 @@ Identitățile utilizatorului și ale contractului sunt reprezentate în Ethereu
 ownerToNFTokenCount: HashMap[address, uint256]
 ```
 
-Această variabilă conține numărul de jetoane pentru fiecare proprietar. Deoarece nu există nicio corespondență între proprietari și tokenuri, singura modalitate de a identifica tokenurile pe care le deține un anumit proprietar este să ne uităm în urmă în istoricul evenimentelor din blockchain ca să găsim evenimentele `Transfer` corespunzătoare. Această variabilă ne permite să știm când avem toate NTF-urile, fără să mai fie nevoie să ne mai întoarcem în timp pentru a căuta.
+Această variabilă conține numărul de jetoane pentru fiecare proprietar. Deoarece nu există nicio corespondență între proprietari și tokenuri, singura modalitate de a identifica tokenurile pe care le deține un anumit proprietar este să ne uităm în urmă în istoricul evenimentelor din blockchain ca să găsim evenimentele `Transfer` corespunzătoare. Această variabilă ne permite să știm când avem toate NFT-urile, fără să mai fie nevoie să ne mai întoarcem în timp pentru a căuta.
 
 De reținut este că acest algoritm funcționează numai pentru interfețele cu utilizatorul și serverele externe. Codul care rulează pe blockchain-ul propriu-zis nu poate citi evenimentele din trecut.
 

@@ -556,7 +556,7 @@ Se referă la rețeaua Ethereum, o rețea peer-to-peer care propagă tranzacții
   Rețelele
 </DocLink>
 
-### token non-fungibil (NTF) {#nft}
+### token non-fungibil (NFT) {#nft}
 
 De asemenea, cunoscut sub numele de „deed”, acesta este un token standard introdus de propunerea ERC-721. NFT-urile pot fi urmărite și tranzacționate, însă fiecare token este unic și distinct; acestea nu sunt interschimbabile precum ETH-ul și [tokenurile ERC-20](#token-standard). NFT-urile pot reprezenta proprietatea asupra activelor digitale sau fizice.