bump Node references from 12/14 to 14/16 (#32980)

Summary:
Node 16 has been the LTS for quite some time now ([Oct 2021](https://nodejs.org/en/blog/release/v16.13.0/)), so this PR just wants to bring the RN OSS CI up to speed.

(I realized that this was needed while doing the same for macos microsoft#997)

## Changelog

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https://github.com/facebook/react-native/wiki/Changelog
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[General] [Changed] - CI moved to Node 16.

Pull Request resolved: #32980

Test Plan: CI itself is the test � locally no significant changes were experienced.

Reviewed By: cortinico

Differential Revision: D33821288

Pulled By: ShikaSD

fbshipit-source-id: 4480ae1cb909e2b8d0b6abba4db76bbe71f0193e

.circleci/config.yml

@@ -28,11 +28,11 @@ executors:
     <<: *defaults
     docker:
       # Note: Version set separately for Windows builds, see below.
-      - image: circleci/node:14
+      - image: circleci/node:16
   nodeprevlts:
     <<: *defaults
     docker:
-      - image: circleci/node:12
+      - image: circleci/node:14
   reactnativeandroid:
     <<: *defaults
     docker:
@@ -376,7 +376,7 @@ jobs:
       - run:
           name: Configure Environment Variables
           command: |
-            echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/opt/node@14/bin:$PATH' >> $BASH_ENV
+            echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/opt/node@16/bin:$PATH' >> $BASH_ENV
             source $BASH_ENV
 
       - with_brew_cache_span:
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ jobs:
           name: Configure Node
           # Sourcing find-node.sh will ensure nvm is set up.
           # It also helps future invocation of find-node.sh prevent permission issue with nvm.sh.
-          command: source scripts/find-node.sh && nvm install 14 && nvm alias default 14
+          command: source scripts/find-node.sh && nvm install 16 && nvm alias default 16
 
       - run:
           name: Configure Watchman
@@ -644,8 +644,8 @@ jobs:
           name: Install Node
           # Note: Version set separately for non-Windows builds, see above.
           command: |
-            nvm install 14.17.0
-            nvm use 14.17.0
+            nvm install 16
+            nvm use 16
 
       # Setup Dependencies
       - run:

package.json

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
   "license": "MIT",
   "repository": "github:facebook/react-native",
   "engines": {
-    "node": ">=12"
+    "node": ">=14"
   },
   "jest-junit": {
     "outputDirectory": "reports/junit",

scripts/validate-ios-test-env.sh

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ fi
 # Check that the correct version of node is installed
 NODE_VERSION="$(command node --version | sed 's/[-/a-zA-Z]//g' |sed 's/.\{2\}$//')"
 
-if (( $(echo "${NODE_VERSION} < 12.0" | bc -l) )); then
+if (( $(echo "${NODE_VERSION} < 14.0" | bc -l) )); then
   echo "Node ${NODE_VERSION} detected. This version of Node is not supported."
   echo "See https://reactnative.dev/docs/getting-started for instructions."
   exit 1