Refactor and add local use and tests of workflows

[felddy]

🗣 Description

This PR refactors some of the jobs in this repo.
More importantly, it adds a multi-architecture container build that uses most of the reusable workflows.

💭 Motivation and context

It became apparent with the recent actions/artifact-upload debacle that the reusable workflows need more testing.
Previously, changes would be made to the workflows, and then you'd have to wait until something broke in one of the
dependent repos.

With this change we should be able to see breakages in the PRs to this repo more often.
Continuous failure!

This is in preparation of applying the major changes needed to use the new v4 immutable artifacts.

🧪 Testing

Tested in CI, and on my local machine.

✅ Pre-approval checklist

• This PR has an informative and human-readable title.
• Changes are limited to a single goal - eschew scope creep!
• All relevant type-of-change labels have been added.
• I have read the CONTRIBUTING document.
• These code changes follow cisagov code standards.
• All relevant repo and/or project documentation has been updated
  to reflect the changes in this PR.
• Tests have been added and/or modified to cover the changes in this PR.
• All new and existing tests pass.