Rollup merge of #128045 - pnkfelix:rustc-contracts, r=oli-obk

#[contracts::requires(...)]  + #[contracts::ensures(...)]

cc rust-lang/rust#128044

Updated contract support: attribute syntax for preconditions and postconditions, implemented via a series of desugarings  that culminates in:
1. a compile-time flag (`-Z contract-checks`) that, similar to `-Z ub-checks`, attempts to ensure that the decision of enabling/disabling contract checks is delayed until the end user program is compiled,
2. invocations of lang-items that handle invoking the precondition,  building a checker for the post-condition, and invoking that post-condition checker at the return sites for the function, and
3. intrinsics for the actual evaluation of pre- and post-condition predicates that third-party verification tools can intercept and reinterpret for their own purposes (e.g. creating shims of behavior that abstract away the function body and replace it solely with the pre- and post-conditions).

Known issues:

 * My original intent, as described in the MCP (rust-lang/compiler-team#759) was   to have a rustc-prefixed attribute namespace (like   rustc_contracts::requires). But I could not get things working when I tried   to do rewriting via a rustc-prefixed builtin attribute-macro. So for now it  is called `contracts::requires`.

 * Our attribute macro machinery does not provide direct support for attribute arguments that are parsed like rust expressions. I spent some time trying to add that (e.g. something that would parse the attribute arguments as an AST while treating the remainder of the items as a token-tree), but its too big a lift for me to undertake. So instead I hacked in something approximating that goal, by semi-trivially desugaring the token-tree attribute contents into internal AST constucts. This may be too fragile for the long-term.
   * (In particular, it *definitely* breaks when you try to add a contract to a function like this: `fn foo1(x: i32) -> S<{ 23 }> { ... }`, because its token-tree based search for where to inject the internal AST constructs cannot immediately see that the `{ 23 }` is within a generics list. I think we can live for this for the short-term, i.e. land the work, and continue working on it while in parallel adding a new attribute variant that takes a token-tree attribute alongside an AST annotation, which would completely resolve the issue here.)

* the *intent* of `-Z contract-checks` is that it behaves like `-Z ub-checks`, in that we do not prematurely commit to including or excluding the contract evaluation in upstream crates (most notably, `core` and `std`). But the current test suite does not actually *check* that this is the case. Ideally the test suite would be extended with a multi-crate test that explores the matrix of enabling/disabling contracts on both the upstream lib and final ("leaf") bin crates.

clippy_utils/src/ast_utils/mod.rs

@@ -362,18 +362,21 @@ pub fn eq_item_kind(l: &ItemKind, r: &ItemKind) -> bool {
                 defaultness: ld,
                 sig: lf,
                 generics: lg,
+                contract: lc,
                 body: lb,
             }),
             Fn(box ast::Fn {
                 defaultness: rd,
                 sig: rf,
                 generics: rg,
+                contract: rc,
                 body: rb,
             }),
         ) => {
             eq_defaultness(*ld, *rd)
                 && eq_fn_sig(lf, rf)
                 && eq_generics(lg, rg)
+                && eq_opt_fn_contract(lc, rc)
                 && both(lb.as_ref(), rb.as_ref(), |l, r| eq_block(l, r))
         },
         (Mod(lu, lmk), Mod(ru, rmk)) => {
@@ -497,18 +500,21 @@ pub fn eq_foreign_item_kind(l: &ForeignItemKind, r: &ForeignItemKind) -> bool {
                 defaultness: ld,
                 sig: lf,
                 generics: lg,
+                contract: lc,
                 body: lb,
             }),
             Fn(box ast::Fn {
                 defaultness: rd,
                 sig: rf,
                 generics: rg,
+                contract: rc,
                 body: rb,
             }),
         ) => {
             eq_defaultness(*ld, *rd)
                 && eq_fn_sig(lf, rf)
                 && eq_generics(lg, rg)
+                && eq_opt_fn_contract(lc, rc)
                 && both(lb.as_ref(), rb.as_ref(), |l, r| eq_block(l, r))
         },
         (
@@ -559,18 +565,21 @@ pub fn eq_assoc_item_kind(l: &AssocItemKind, r: &AssocItemKind) -> bool {
                 defaultness: ld,
                 sig: lf,
                 generics: lg,
+                contract: lc,
                 body: lb,
             }),
             Fn(box ast::Fn {
                 defaultness: rd,
                 sig: rf,
                 generics: rg,
+                contract: rc,
                 body: rb,
             }),
         ) => {
             eq_defaultness(*ld, *rd)
                 && eq_fn_sig(lf, rf)
                 && eq_generics(lg, rg)
+                && eq_opt_fn_contract(lc, rc)
                 && both(lb.as_ref(), rb.as_ref(), |l, r| eq_block(l, r))
         },
         (
@@ -653,6 +662,17 @@ pub fn eq_fn_header(l: &FnHeader, r: &FnHeader) -> bool {
         && eq_ext(&l.ext, &r.ext)
 }
 
+pub fn eq_opt_fn_contract(l: &Option<P<FnContract>>, r: &Option<P<FnContract>>) -> bool {
+    match (l, r) {
+        (Some(l), Some(r)) => {
+            eq_expr_opt(l.requires.as_ref(), r.requires.as_ref())
+            && eq_expr_opt(l.ensures.as_ref(), r.ensures.as_ref())
+        }
+        (None, None) => true,
+        (Some(_), None) | (None, Some(_)) => false,
+    }
+}
+
 pub fn eq_generics(l: &Generics, r: &Generics) -> bool {
     over(&l.params, &r.params, eq_generic_param)
         && over(&l.where_clause.predicates, &r.where_clause.predicates, |l, r| {

clippy_utils/src/qualify_min_const_fn.rs

@@ -179,7 +179,7 @@ fn check_rvalue<'tcx>(
                 ))
             }
         },
-        Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::SizeOf | NullOp::AlignOf | NullOp::OffsetOf(_) | NullOp::UbChecks, _)
+        Rvalue::NullaryOp(NullOp::SizeOf | NullOp::AlignOf | NullOp::OffsetOf(_) | NullOp::UbChecks | NullOp::ContractChecks, _)
         | Rvalue::ShallowInitBox(_, _) => Ok(()),
         Rvalue::UnaryOp(_, operand) => {
             let ty = operand.ty(body, tcx);