The python FDK lets you write functions in python 3.8/3.9/3.11
import io
import logging
from fdk import response
def handler(ctx, data: io.BytesIO = None):
logging.getLogger().info("Got incoming request")
return response.Response(ctx, response_data="hello world")Functions can implement HTTP services when fronted by an HTTP Gateway
When your function is behind an HTTP gateway you can access the inbound HTTP Request via :
ctx.HttpHeaders(): a map of string -> value | list of values , unlikectx.Headers()this only includes headers passed by the HTTP gateway (with no functions metadata).ctx.RequestURL(): the incoming request URL passed by the gatewayctx.Method(): the HTTP method of the incoming request
You can set outbound HTTP headers and the HTTP status of the request using ctx.SetResponseHeaders or the Response
- e.g.
ctx.SetResponseHeaders({"Location","http://example.com/","My-Header2": ["v1","v2"]}, 302) - or by passing these to the Response object :
return new Response(
ctx,
headers={"Location","http://example.com/","My-Header2": ["v1","v2"]},
response_data="Page moved",
status_code=302)e.g. to redirect users to a different page :
import io
import logging
from fdk import response
def handler(ctx, data: io.BytesIO = None):
logging.getLogger().info("Got incoming request for URL %s with headers %s", ctx.RequestURL(), ctx.HTTPHeaders())
ctx.SetResponseHeaders({"Location": "http://www.example.com"}, 302)
return response.Response(ctx, response_data="Page moved from %s")A main loop is supplied that can repeatedly call a user function with a series of requests.
In order to utilise this, you can write your func.py as follows:
import json
import io
from fdk import response
def handler(ctx, data: io.BytesIO=None):
name = "World"
try:
body = json.loads(data.getvalue())
name = body.get("name")
except (Exception, ValueError) as ex:
print(str(ex))
pass
return response.Response(
ctx, response_data=json.dumps(
{"message": "Hello {0}".format(name)}),
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
)In order to write a binary response to your function pass a bytes object to the response_data
import io
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw
from fdk import response
def handler(ctx, data: io.BytesIO=None):
img = Image.new('RGB', (100, 30), color='red')
d = ImageDraw.Draw(img)
d.text((10, 10), "hello world", fill=(255, 255, 0))
# write png image to memory
output = io.BytesIO()
img.save(output, format="PNG")
# get the bytes of the image
imgbytes = output.getvalue()
return response.Response(
ctx, response_data=imgbytes,
headers={"Content-Type": "image/png"}
)Starting v0.0.33 FDK-Python provides a testing framework that allows performing unit tests of your function's code. The unit test framework is the pytest. Coding style remain the same, so, write your tests as you've got used to. Here's the example of the test suite:
import json
import io
import pytest
from fdk import fixtures
from fdk import response
def handler(ctx, data: io.BytesIO=None):
name = "World"
try:
body = json.loads(data.getvalue())
name = body.get("name")
except (Exception, ValueError) as ex:
print(str(ex))
pass
return response.Response(
ctx, response_data=json.dumps(
{"message": "Hello {0}".format(name)}),
headers={"Content-Type": "application/json"}
)
@pytest.mark.asyncio
async def test_parse_request_without_data():
call = await fixtures.setup_fn_call(handler)
content, status, headers = await call
assert 200 == status
assert {"message": "Hello World"} == json.loads(content)As you may see all assertions being performed with native assertion command.
In order to run tests, use the following command:
pytest -v -s --tb=long func.py========================================================================================= test session starts ==========================================================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.1, pytest-4.0.1, py-1.7.0, pluggy-0.8.0 -- /python/bin/python3
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/denismakogon/go/src/github.com/fnproject/test, inifile:
plugins: cov-2.4.0, asyncio-0.9.0, aiohttp-0.3.0
collected 1 item
func.py::test_parse_request_without_data 2018-12-10 15:42:30,029 - asyncio - DEBUG - Using selector: KqueueSelector
2018-12-10 15:42:30,029 - asyncio - DEBUG - Using selector: KqueueSelector
'NoneType' object has no attribute 'getvalue'
{'Fn-Http-Status': '200', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
PASSED
======================================================================================= 1 passed in 0.02 seconds =======================================================================================To add coverage first install one more package:
pip install pytest-covthen run tests with coverage flag:
pytest -v -s --tb=long --cov=func func.pypytest -v -s --tb=long --cov=func func.py
========================================================================================= test session starts ==========================================================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.1, pytest-4.0.1, py-1.7.0, pluggy-0.8.0 -- /python/bin/python3
cachedir: .pytest_cache
rootdir: /Users/denismakogon/go/src/github.com/fnproject/test, inifile:
plugins: cov-2.4.0, asyncio-0.9.0, aiohttp-0.3.0
collected 1 item
func.py::test_parse_request_without_data 2018-12-10 15:43:10,339 - asyncio - DEBUG - Using selector: KqueueSelector
2018-12-10 15:43:10,339 - asyncio - DEBUG - Using selector: KqueueSelector
'NoneType' object has no attribute 'getvalue'
{'Fn-Http-Status': '200', 'Content-Type': 'application/json'}
PASSED
---------- coverage: platform darwin, python 3.7.1-final-0 -----------
Name Stmts Miss Cover
-----------------------------
func.py 19 1 95%
======================================================================================= 1 passed in 0.06 seconds =======================================================================================Create a virtualenv:
python3 -m venv .venvActivate virtualenv:
source .venv/bin/activateAll you have to do is:
pip install fdkNow you have a new tools added!
With a new FDK release a new set of tooling introduced:
fdk- CLI tool, an entry point to a function, that's the way you start your function in real lifefdk-tcp-debug- CLI tool, an entry point to a function local debugging
This is an entry point to a function, this tool you'd be using while working with a function that is deployed at Fn server.
fdk is a Python CLI script that has the following signature:
fdk <path-to-a-function-module> [module-entrypoint]where:
- fdk is a CLI script
- <path-to-a-function-module> is a path to your function's code, for instance, /function/func.py
- [module-entrypoint] is an entry point to a module, basically you need to point to a method that has the following signature:
def <function_name>(ctx, data: io.BytesIO=None), as you many notice this is a ordinary signature of Python's function you've used to while working with an FDK,
The parameter [module-entrypoint] has a default value: handler. It means that if a developer will point an fdk CLI to a module func.py:
fdk func.py
the CLI will look for handler Python function.
In order to override [module-entrypoint] you need to specify your custom entry point.
To run a function locally (outside Docker) you need to set FN_FORMAT and FN_LISTENER, like so:
env FDK_DEBUG=1 FN_FORMAT=http-stream FN_LISTENER=unix://tmp/func.sock fdk <path-to-a-function-module> [module-entrypoint]You can then test with curl:
curl -v --unix-socket /tmp/func.sock -H "Fn-Call-Id: 0000000000000000" -H "Fn-Deadline: 2030-01-01T00:00:00.000Z" -XPOST http://function/call -d '{"name":"Tubbs"}'The reason why this tool exists is to give a chance to developers to debug their function on their machines.
There's no difference between this tool and fdk CLI tool, except one thing: fdk works on top of the unix socket,
when this tool works on top of TCP socket, so, the difference is a transport, nothing else.
fdk-tcp-debug is a Python CLI script that has the following signature:
fdk-tcp-debug <port> <path-to-a-function-module> [module-entrypoint]The behaviour of this CLI is the same, but it will start an FDK on top of the TCP socket.
The only one difference is that this CLI excepts one more parameter: port that is required by TCP socket configuration.
Now you can test your functions not only with the unit tests but also see how it works within the FDK before actually deploying them to Fn server.
If you decided to develop an FDK please do the following:
- open an issue with the detailed description of your problem
- checkout a new branch with the following signature:
git checkout -b issue-<number>
In order to test an FDK changes do the following:
python3 -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activatepip install toxtox
Test an FDK change with sample function using fdk-tcp-debug:
pip install -e .
FDK_DEBUG=1 fdk-tcp-debug 5001 samples/echo/func.py handlerThen just do:
curl -v -X POST localhost:5001 -d '{"name":"denis"}'First of all create a test function:
fn init --runtime python3.8 test-functionCreate a Dockerfile in a function's folder:
FROM fnproject/python:3.8-dev as build-stage
ADD . /function
WORKDIR /function
RUN pip3 install --target /python/ --no-cache --no-cache-dir fdk-test-py3-none-any.whl
RUN rm -fr ~/.cache/pip /tmp* requirements.txt func.yaml Dockerfile .venv
FROM fnproject/python:3.8
COPY --from=build-stage /function /function
COPY --from=build-stage /python /python
ENV PYTHONPATH=/python
ENTRYPOINT ["/python/bin/fdk", "/function/func.py", "handler"]Build an FDK wheel:
pip install wheel
PBR_VERSION=test python setup.py bdist_wheelMove an FDK wheel (located at dist/fdk-test-py3-none-any.whl) into a function's folder.
Do the deploy:
fn --versbose deploy --app testapp --local --no-bump
fn config fn testapp test-function FDK_DEBUG 1And the last step - invoke it and see how it goes:
fn invoke testapp test-functionFDK is based on the asyncio event loop. Default event loop is not quite fast, but works on all operating systems (including Windows), In order to make an FDK to process IO operation at least 4 times faster you need to add another dependency to your function:
uvloop
UVLoop is a CPython wrapper on top of cross-platform libuv. Unfortunately, uvloop doesn't support Windows for some reason, so, in order to let developers test their code on Windows FDK doesn't install uvloop by default, but still has some checks to see whether it is installed or not.
As if you are the one who used Python FDK before and would like to update - please read this section carefully. A new FDK is here which means there suppose to be a way to upgrade your code from an old-style FDK to a new-style FDK.
As you noticed - an entry point a function changed, i.e., func.py no longer considered as the main module (__main__) which means that the following section:
if __name__ == "__main__":
fdk.handle(handler)has no effect any longer. Please note that FDK will fail-fast with an appropriate message if old-style FDK format used.
With a new FDK, data parameter is changing from str to io.BytesIO.
The simplest way to migrate is to wrap your data processing code with 1 line of code:
data = data.read()If you've been using json lib to turn an incoming data into a dictionary you need to replace: json.loads with json.load
try:
dct = json.load(data)
except ValueError as ex:
# do here whatever is reasonableIf you've been using CLI to build function without modifying runtime in func.yaml to docker
instead of python then the only thing you need is to update the CLI to the latest version and
pin your Python runtime version to python, python3.7, python3.8, or python3.9, or python3.11 .
If you've been using custom multi-stage Dockerfile (derived from what Fn CLI generates)
the only thing that is necessary to change is an ENTRYPOINT from:
ENTRYPOINT["python", "func.py"]
to:
ENTRYPOINT["/python/bin/fdk", "func.py", "handler"]
If you've been using your own Dockerfile that wasn't derived from the Dockerfile
that CLI is generating, then you need to search in your $PATH where CLI fdk was installed
(on Linux, it will be installed to /usr/local/bin/fdk). At most of the times, if you've been using:
pip install --target <location> ...
then you need to search fdk CLI at <location>/bin/fdk, this is what Fn CLI does by calling the following command:
pip install --target /python ...
A new FDK will abort a function execution if old-style function definition is used. Make sure you check you migrated your code wisely.