Add support for Python 3.11

[mkniewallner]

Resolves #63.

PR Checklist

• A description of the changes is added to the description of this PR.
• If there is a related issue, make sure it is linked to this PR.
• If you've fixed a bug or added code that should be tested, add tests!
• Documentation in docs is updated

Description of changes

Add support for Python 3.11, refactoring a tiny bit the method importing stdlib along the way, and enable tests on the CI.
cf3ada0 also slightly updates the CI to provide faster feedback to users, by removing fail-fast in order to run all tests, in case tests fail on multiple versions, and removing needs when not strictly needed.

I noticed that 3.11 was added then removed because of a random issue. We had the same issue on Poetry, but only on macOS, and had a workaround for it. Since we don't use macOS on the CI in deptry, there's some chance that the issue only happens on macOS on more recent Python 3.11 (we now are at rc2, whereas the previous failures happened on beta5), so I'd suggest that we re-add tests and see if we still notice a failure. If we do, we can apply the same fix that was made on Poetry.

Just so you know, 3.11-dev for actions/setup-python means "latest 3.11 version, including alphas/betas", as per the documentation. So once 3.11.0 final is released and available, it will automatically be selected.

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #152 (d81b09e) into main (e71dc6a) will increase coverage by 0.7%.
The diff coverage is 100.0%.

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##            main    #152     +/-   ##
=======================================
+ Coverage   92.2%   92.9%   +0.7%     
=======================================
  Files         42      43      +1     
  Lines       1348    1357      +9     
=======================================
+ Hits        1243    1261     +18     
+ Misses       105      96      -9     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
deptry/module.py	97.3% <100.0%> (+7.6%)	⬆️
deptry/stdlibs/py311.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
tests/test_module.py	100.0% <100.0%> (ø)
deptry/stdlibs/py37.py	100.0% <0.0%> (+100.0%)	⬆️
deptry/stdlibs/py38.py	100.0% <0.0%> (+100.0%)	⬆️
deptry/stdlibs/py310.py	100.0% <0.0%> (+100.0%)	⬆️

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[fpgmaas]

@mkniewallner For deptry, the issue also occurred on other OS than MacOS. In this case, the issue occurred in the CI/CD pipeline on Ubuntu 20.04.

Here is the failed CI/CD pipeline, and here is the pipeline that ran successfully directly before it.

But let's see if the issue is solved with 3.11-dev. Otherwise, we'll revert again and see if we have to open an issue in another project.

[mkniewallner]

@mkniewallner For deptry, the issue also occurred on other OS than MacOS. In this case, the issue occurred in the CI/CD pipeline on Ubuntu 20.04.

Here is the failed CI/CD pipeline, and here is the pipeline that ran successfully directly before it.

But let's see if the issue is solved with 3.11-dev. Otherwise, we'll revert again and see if we have to open an issue in another project.

Maybe bumping to ubuntu-22.04 could help too. The best way to know is to merge and see 😄