Consolidate client report and rate limit handling with data categories

[sl0thentr0py]

needed to clean up some logic for metrics client reports and rate limiting

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Merging #2294 (abe863c) into master (17959d8) will increase coverage by 0.00%.
Report is 3 commits behind head on master.
The diff coverage is 100.00%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master    #2294   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   98.69%   98.70%           
=======================================
  Files         199      200    +1     
  Lines       13152    13241   +89     
=======================================
+ Hits        12981    13070   +89     
  Misses        171      171           

Components	Coverage Δ
sentry-ruby	99.09% <100.00%> (+<0.01%)	⬆️
sentry-rails	97.33% <ø> (ø)
sentry-sidekiq	96.98% <ø> (ø)
sentry-resque	96.76% <ø> (ø)
sentry-delayed_job	98.91% <ø> (ø)
sentry-opentelemetry	100.00% <ø> (ø)

Files	Coverage Δ
sentry-ruby/lib/sentry/client.rb	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sentry-ruby/lib/sentry/envelope.rb	98.33% <100.00%> (+0.37%)	⬆️
sentry-ruby/lib/sentry/transport.rb	99.04% <100.00%> (-0.04%)	⬇️
...ntry-ruby/spec/sentry/client/event_sending_spec.rb	99.63% <100.00%> (ø)
sentry-ruby/spec/sentry/envelope_spec.rb	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
...try/transport/http_transport_rate_limiting_spec.rb	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)
sentry-ruby/spec/sentry/transport_spec.rb	100.00% <100.00%> (ø)