ImageHash

A perceptual hash is a fingerprint of a multimedia file derived from various features from its content. Unlike cryptographic hash functions which rely on the avalanche effect of small changes in input leading to drastic changes in the output, perceptual hashes are "close" to one another if the features are similar.

Perceptual hashes are a different concept compared to cryptographic hash functions like MD5 and SHA1. With cryptographic hashes, the hash values are random. The data used to generate the hash acts like a random seed, so the same data will generate the same result, but different data will create different results. Comparing two SHA1 hash values really only tells you two things. If the hashes are different, then the data is different. And if the hashes are the same, then the data is likely the same. In contrast, perceptual hashes can be compared -- giving you a sense of similarity between the two data sets.

This code was based on:

• https://github.com/kennethrapp/phasher
• http://www.phash.org
• http://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/?/archives/529-Kind-of-Like-That.html
• http://www.hackerfactor.com/blog/?/archives/432-Looks-Like-It.html
• http://blog.iconfinder.com/detecting-duplicate-images-using-python

WARNING: the PerceptualHash implementation is still under development.

Installation

Install using composer:

composer require jenssegers/imagehash

It is suggested that you also install the GMP extension for PHP. This will result in faster Hamming distance calculations.

Usage

Calculating a perceptual hash for an image using the default implementation:

use Jenssegers\ImageHash\ImageHash;

$hasher = new ImageHash;
$hash = $hasher->hash('path/to/image.jpg');

The resulting hash is a 64 bit hexadecimal image fingerprint that can be stored in your database once calculated. The hamming distance is used to compare two image fingerprints for similarities. Low distance values will indicate that the images are similar or the same, high distance values indicate that the images are different. Use the following method to detect if images are similar or not:

$distance = $hasher->distance($hash1, $hash2);

Equal images will not always have a distance of 0, so you will need to decide at which distance you will evaluate images as equal. For the image set that I tested, a max distance of 5 was acceptable. But this will depend on the implementation, the images and the number of images. For example; when comparing a small set of images, a lower maximum distances should be acceptable as the chances of false positives are quite low. If however you are comparing a large amount of images, 5 might already be too much.

Calculating a perceptual hash for an image using a different implementation:

use Jenssegers\ImageHash\Implementations\DifferenceHash;
use Jenssegers\ImageHash\ImageHash;

$implementation = new DifferenceHash;
$hasher = new ImageHash($implementation);
$hash = $hasher->hash('path/to/image.jpg');

Compare 2 images and get their hamming distance:

$distance = $hasher->compare('path/to/image1.jpg', 'path/to/image2.jpg');

If you prefer to have decimal image hashes, you can change the mode during the construction of the ImageHash instance:

$hasher = new ImageHash($implementation, ImageHash::DECIMAL);

Demo

These images are similar:

Image 1 hash: 3c3e0e1a3a1e1e1e (0011110000111110000011100001101000111010000111100001111000011110)
Image 2 hash: 3c3e0e3e3e1e1e1e (0011110000111110000011100011111000111110000111100001111000011110)
Hamming distance: 3

These images are different:

Image 1 hash: 69684858535b7575 (0010100010101000101010001010100010101011001010110101011100110111)
Image 2 hash: e1e1e2a7bbaf6faf (0111000011110000111100101101001101011011011101010011010101001111)
Hamming distance: 32