Merge branch 'run-command-be-helpful-when-Git-LFS-fails-on-Windows-7'

Since Git LFS v3.5.x implicitly dropped Windows 7 support, we now want
users to be advised _what_ is going wrong on that Windows version. This
topic branch goes out of its way to provide users with such guidance.

Signed-off-by: Johannes Schindelin <johannes.schindelin@gmx.de>

compat/win32/path-utils.c

@@ -2,6 +2,9 @@
 
 #include "../../git-compat-util.h"
 #include "../../environment.h"
+#include "../../wrapper.h"
+#include "../../strbuf.h"
+#include "../../versioncmp.h"
 
 int win32_has_dos_drive_prefix(const char *path)
 {
@@ -89,3 +92,199 @@ int win32_fspathcmp(const char *a, const char *b)
 {
 	return win32_fspathncmp(a, b, (size_t)-1);
 }
+
+static int read_at(int fd, char *buffer, size_t offset, size_t size)
+{
+	if (lseek(fd, offset, SEEK_SET) < 0) {
+		fprintf(stderr, "could not seek to 0x%x\n", (unsigned int)offset);
+		return -1;
+	}
+
+	return read_in_full(fd, buffer, size);
+}
+
+static size_t le16(const char *buffer)
+{
+	unsigned char *u = (unsigned char *)buffer;
+	return u[0] | (u[1] << 8);
+}
+
+static size_t le32(const char *buffer)
+{
+	return le16(buffer) | (le16(buffer + 2) << 16);
+}
+
+/*
+ * Determine the Go version of a given executable, if it was built with Go.
+ *
+ * This recapitulates the logic from
+ * https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/cmd/go/internal/version/version.go
+ * (without requiring the user to install `go.exe` to find out).
+ */
+static ssize_t get_go_version(const char *path, char *go_version, size_t go_version_size)
+{
+	int fd = open(path, O_RDONLY);
+	char buffer[1024];
+	off_t offset;
+	size_t num_sections, opt_header_size, i;
+	char *p = NULL, *q;
+	ssize_t res = -1;
+
+	if (fd < 0)
+		return -1;
+
+	if (read_in_full(fd, buffer, 2) < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	/*
+	 * Parse the PE file format, for more details, see
+	 * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portable_Executable#Layout and
+	 * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format
+	 */
+	if (buffer[0] != 'M' || buffer[1] != 'Z')
+		goto fail;
+
+	if (read_at(fd, buffer, 0x3c, 4) < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	/* Read the `PE\0\0` signature and the COFF file header */
+	offset = le32(buffer);
+	if (read_at(fd, buffer, offset, 24) < 0)
+		goto fail;
+
+	if (buffer[0] != 'P' || buffer[1] != 'E' || buffer[2] != '\0' || buffer[3] != '\0')
+		goto fail;
+
+	num_sections = le16(buffer + 6);
+	opt_header_size = le16(buffer + 20);
+	offset += 24; /* skip file header */
+
+	/*
+	 * Validate magic number 0x10b or 0x20b, for full details see
+	 * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format#optional-header-standard-fields-image-only
+	 */
+	if (read_at(fd, buffer, offset, 2) < 0 ||
+	    ((i = le16(buffer)) != 0x10b && i != 0x20b))
+		goto fail;
+
+	offset += opt_header_size;
+
+	for (i = 0; i < num_sections; i++) {
+		if (read_at(fd, buffer, offset + i * 40, 40) < 0)
+			goto fail;
+
+		/*
+		 * For full details about the section headers, see
+		 * https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/win32/debug/pe-format#section-table-section-headers
+		 */
+		if ((le32(buffer + 36) /* characteristics */ & ~0x600000) /* IMAGE_SCN_ALIGN_32BYTES */ ==
+		    (/* IMAGE_SCN_CNT_INITIALIZED_DATA */ 0x00000040 |
+		     /* IMAGE_SCN_MEM_READ */ 0x40000000 |
+		     /* IMAGE_SCN_MEM_WRITE */ 0x80000000)) {
+			size_t size = le32(buffer + 16); /* "SizeOfRawData " */
+			size_t pointer = le32(buffer + 20); /* "PointerToRawData " */
+
+			/*
+			 * Skip the section if either size or pointer is 0, see
+			 * https://github.com/golang/go/blob/go1.21.0/src/debug/buildinfo/buildinfo.go#L333
+			 * for full details.
+			 *
+			 * Merely seeing a non-zero size will not actually do,
+			 * though: he size must be at least `buildInfoSize`,
+			 * i.e. 32, and we expect a UVarint (at least another
+			 * byte) _and_ the bytes representing the string,
+			 * which we expect to start with the letters "go" and
+			 * continue with the Go version number.
+			 */
+			if (size < 32 + 1 + 2 + 1 || !pointer)
+				continue;
+
+			p = malloc(size);
+
+			if (!p || read_at(fd, p, pointer, size) < 0)
+				goto fail;
+
+			/*
+			 * Look for the build information embedded by Go, see
+			 * https://github.com/golang/go/blob/go1.21.0/src/debug/buildinfo/buildinfo.go#L165-L175
+			 * for full details.
+			 *
+			 * Note: Go contains code to enforce alignment along a
+			 * 16-byte boundary. In practice, no `.exe` has been
+			 * observed that required any adjustment, therefore
+			 * this here code skips that logic for simplicity.
+			 */
+			q = memmem(p, size - 18, "\xff Go buildinf:", 14);
+			if (!q)
+				goto fail;
+			/*
+			 * Decode the build blob. For full details, see
+			 * https://github.com/golang/go/blob/go1.21.0/src/debug/buildinfo/buildinfo.go#L177-L191
+			 *
+			 * Note: The `endianness` values observed in practice
+			 * were always 2, therefore the complex logic to handle
+			 * any other value is skipped for simplicty.
+			 */
+			if ((q[14] == 8 || q[14] == 4) && q[15] == 2) {
+				/*
+				 * Only handle a Go version string with fewer
+				 * than 128 characters, so the Go UVarint at
+				 * q[32] that indicates the string's length must
+				 * be only one byte (without the high bit set).
+				 */
+				if ((q[32] & 0x80) ||
+				    !q[32] ||
+				    (q + 33 + q[32] - p) > size ||
+				    q[32] + 1 > go_version_size)
+					goto fail;
+				res = q[32];
+				memcpy(go_version, q + 33, res);
+				go_version[res] = '\0';
+				break;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+fail:
+	free(p);
+	close(fd);
+	return res;
+}
+
+void win32_warn_about_git_lfs_on_windows7(int exit_code, const char *argv0)
+{
+	char buffer[128], *git_lfs = NULL;
+	const char *p;
+
+	/*
+	 * Git LFS v3.5.1 fails with an Access Violation on Windows 7; That
+	 * would usually show up as an exit code 0xc0000005. For some reason
+	 * (probably because at this point, we no longer have the _original_
+	 * HANDLE that was returned by `CreateProcess()`) we observe other
+	 * values like 0xb00 and 0x2 instead. Since the exact exit code
+	 * seems to be inconsistent, we check for a non-zero exit status.
+	 */
+	if (exit_code == 0)
+		return;
+	if (GetVersion() >> 16 > 7601)
+		return; /* Warn only on Windows 7 or older */
+	if (!istarts_with(argv0, "git-lfs ") &&
+	    strcasecmp(argv0, "git-lfs"))
+		return;
+	if (!(git_lfs = locate_in_PATH("git-lfs")))
+		return;
+	if (get_go_version(git_lfs, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) > 0 &&
+	    skip_prefix(buffer, "go", &p) &&
+	    versioncmp("1.21.0", p) <= 0)
+		warning("This program was built with Go v%s\n"
+			"i.e. without support for this Windows version:\n"
+			"\n\t%s\n"
+			"\n"
+			"To work around this, you can download and install a "
+			"working version from\n"
+			"\n"
+			"\thttps://github.com/git-lfs/git-lfs/releases/tag/"
+			"v3.4.1\n",
+			p, git_lfs);
+	free(git_lfs);
+}

compat/win32/path-utils.h

@@ -34,4 +34,7 @@ int win32_fspathcmp(const char *a, const char *b);
 int win32_fspathncmp(const char *a, const char *b, size_t count);
 #define fspathncmp win32_fspathncmp
 
+void win32_warn_about_git_lfs_on_windows7(int exit_code, const char *argv0);
+#define warn_about_git_lfs_on_windows7 win32_warn_about_git_lfs_on_windows7
+
 #endif

git-compat-util.h

@@ -549,6 +549,13 @@ static inline int git_offset_1st_component(const char *path)
 #define fspathncmp git_fspathncmp
 #endif
 
+#ifndef warn_about_git_lfs_on_windows7
+static inline void warn_about_git_lfs_on_windows7(int exit_code UNUSED,
+						  const char *argv0 UNUSED)
+{
+}
+#endif
+
 #ifndef is_valid_path
 #define is_valid_path(path) 1
 #endif

run-command.c

@@ -575,6 +575,7 @@ static int wait_or_whine(pid_t pid, const char *argv0, int in_signal)
 		 */
 		code += 128;
 	} else if (WIFEXITED(status)) {
+		warn_about_git_lfs_on_windows7(status, argv0);
 		code = WEXITSTATUS(status);
 	} else {
 		if (!in_signal)