Add retry when commiting a manifest

[DennisDenuto]

• only retry on certain 'temporary' http status codes
• add tests to ensure retries do not occur on 'non-temp' http status
  codes. And to make sure progress bar still works when retrying

Attempts to fix: #1038

Note:
Running hack/presubmit.sh resulted in the following:

~/workspace/go-containerregistry/pkg/authn/k8schain ~/workspace/go-containerregistry ~/workspace/go-containerregistry
go: github.com/google/go-containerregistry@v0.5.2-0.20210601193515-0ffa4a5c8691 requires
        cloud.google.com/go@v0.83.0: missing go.sum entry; to add it:
        go mod download cloud.google.com/go
~/workspace/go-containerregistry ~/workspace/go-containerregistry

This seems to me unrelated to the change in the PR... tried to go mod download cloud.google.com/go but it still complains.

Authored-by: Dennis Leon leonde@vmware.com

[jonjohnsonjr]

    cloud.google.com/go@v0.83.0: missing go.sum entry; to add it:

@imjasonh any idea?

[codecov-commenter]

Codecov Report

Merging #1041 (317b3f8) into main (b69114f) will increase coverage by 0.10%.
The diff coverage is 75.00%.

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main    #1041      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   75.04%   75.15%   +0.10%     
==========================================
  Files         107      107              
  Lines        5074     5071       -3     
==========================================
+ Hits         3808     3811       +3     
+ Misses        720      717       -3     
+ Partials      546      543       -3     

Impacted Files	Coverage Δ
pkg/v1/remote/write.go	63.59% <75.00%> (+0.20%)	⬆️
pkg/v1/remote/multi_write.go	58.95% <0.00%> (+2.98%)	⬆️

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