CI: Update the Linux hybrid-latest docker container used for testing

The following are the major updates
  * LLVM 17 branch (https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project b744f4c99cf91155c74a3c92db6f1335232ff3d)
  * GCC 13.2
  * CMake 3.27.1
  * Bazel 6.2.1

PiperOrigin-RevId: 558818264
Change-Id: Ib08d8331e2a8b2d68a702670451beaaac5d266f4

ci/linux-presubmit.sh

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
 
 set -euox pipefail
 
-readonly LINUX_LATEST_CONTAINER="gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/linux_hybrid-latest:20230217"
+readonly LINUX_LATEST_CONTAINER="gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/linux_hybrid-latest:20230816"
 readonly LINUX_GCC_FLOOR_CONTAINER="gcr.io/google.com/absl-177019/linux_gcc-floor:20230120"
 
 if [[ -z ${GTEST_ROOT:-} ]]; then