perf: remove redundant array deepcopy (#26)

* perf(bigquery): remove redundant array deepcopy

deepcopy can be a very costly operation when considering large arrays with complex nested objects.
refactor helpers to allow recursive conversion without copying arrays.

* add check to ignore REPEATED mode

* Update google/cloud/bigquery/_helpers.py

Co-authored-by: Bu Sun Kim <8822365+busunkim96@users.noreply.github.com>

Co-authored-by: Tres Seaver <tseaver@palladion.com>
Co-authored-by: Tim Swast <swast@google.com>
Co-authored-by: Bu Sun Kim <8822365+busunkim96@users.noreply.github.com>

google/cloud/bigquery/_helpers.py

@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@
 """Shared helper functions for BigQuery API classes."""
 
 import base64
-import copy
 import datetime
 import decimal
 import re
@@ -397,13 +396,9 @@ def _repeated_field_to_json(field, row_value):
     Returns:
         List[Any]: A list of JSON-serializable objects.
     """
-    # Remove the REPEATED, but keep the other fields. This allows us to process
-    # each item as if it were a top-level field.
-    item_field = copy.deepcopy(field)
-    item_field._mode = "NULLABLE"
     values = []
     for item in row_value:
-        values.append(_field_to_json(item_field, item))
+        values.append(_single_field_to_json(field, item))
     return values
 
 
@@ -462,6 +457,33 @@ def _record_field_to_json(fields, row_value):
     return record
 
 
+def _single_field_to_json(field, row_value):
+    """Convert a single field into JSON-serializable values.
+
+    Ignores mode so that this can function for ARRAY / REPEATING fields
+    without requiring a deepcopy of the field. See:
+    https://github.com/googleapis/python-bigquery/issues/6
+
+    Args:
+        field (google.cloud.bigquery.schema.SchemaField):
+            The SchemaField to use for type conversion and field name.
+
+        row_value (Any):
+            Scalar or Struct to be inserted. The type
+            is inferred from the SchemaField's field_type.
+
+    Returns:
+        Any: A JSON-serializable object.
+    """
+    if row_value is None:
+        return None
+
+    if field.field_type == "RECORD":
+        return _record_field_to_json(field.fields, row_value)
+
+    return _scalar_field_to_json(field, row_value)
+
+
 def _field_to_json(field, row_value):
     """Convert a field into JSON-serializable values.
 
@@ -483,10 +505,7 @@ def _field_to_json(field, row_value):
     if field.mode == "REPEATED":
         return _repeated_field_to_json(field, row_value)
 
-    if field.field_type == "RECORD":
-        return _record_field_to_json(field.fields, row_value)
-
-    return _scalar_field_to_json(field, row_value)
+    return _single_field_to_json(field, row_value)
 
 
 def _snake_to_camel_case(value):

tests/unit/test__helpers.py

@@ -806,6 +806,41 @@ def test_w_known_field_type(self):
         self.assertEqual(converted, str(original))
 
 
+class Test_single_field_to_json(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _call_fut(self, field, value):
+        from google.cloud.bigquery._helpers import _single_field_to_json
+
+        return _single_field_to_json(field, value)
+
+    def test_w_none(self):
+        field = _make_field("INT64")
+        original = None
+        converted = self._call_fut(field, original)
+        self.assertIsNone(converted)
+
+    def test_w_record(self):
+        subfields = [
+            _make_field("INT64", name="one"),
+            _make_field("STRING", name="two"),
+        ]
+        field = _make_field("RECORD", fields=subfields)
+        original = {"one": 42, "two": "two"}
+        converted = self._call_fut(field, original)
+        self.assertEqual(converted, {"one": "42", "two": "two"})
+
+    def test_w_scalar(self):
+        field = _make_field("INT64")
+        original = 42
+        converted = self._call_fut(field, original)
+        self.assertEqual(converted, str(original))
+
+    def test_w_scalar_ignores_mode(self):
+        field = _make_field("STRING", mode="REPEATED")
+        original = "hello world"
+        converted = self._call_fut(field, original)
+        self.assertEqual(converted, original)
+
+
 class Test_repeated_field_to_json(unittest.TestCase):
     def _call_fut(self, field, value):
         from google.cloud.bigquery._helpers import _repeated_field_to_json