feat(blooms): disk-backed queue for the bloom-planner (backport k227)

[loki-gh-app]

Backport b646861 from #14874

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What this PR does / why we need it:
We store chunkrefs for each task. As a result, the queue can grow and not fit into memory. This PR adds a new set of options to configure the queue to store the tasks in the filesystem. As a result, the queue only keeps the task metadata (e.g. results channel, time in queue, retires...) and the path to the task in the disk.

Special notes for your reviewer:

Checklist

• Reviewed the CONTRIBUTING.md guide (required)
• Documentation added
• Tests updated
• Title matches the required conventional commits format, see here
  • Note that Promtail is considered to be feature complete, and future development for logs collection will be in Grafana Alloy. As such, feat PRs are unlikely to be accepted unless a case can be made for the feature actually being a bug fix to existing behavior.
• Changes that require user attention or interaction to upgrade are documented in docs/sources/setup/upgrade/_index.md
• If the change is deprecating or removing a configuration option, update the deprecated-config.yaml and deleted-config.yaml files respectively in the tools/deprecated-config-checker directory. Example PR