nomad operator debug - add pprof duration / csi details (#9346)

* debug: add pprof duration CLI argument
* debug: add CSI plugin details
* update help text with ACL requirements
* debug: provide ACL hints upon permission failures
* debug: only write file when pprof retrieve is successful
* debug: add helper function to clean bad characters from dynamic filenames
* debug: ensure files are unable to escape the capture directory