lifecycle: unit test for lifecycle task behavior on restarts

[tgross]

Work-in-progress PR for discussion with @isabeldepapel while we work on the collection of work in #9464 #9841 #9840 #10017 #10578 (cc @jazzyfresh as a heads up)

• This test is incomplete but the goal is that it sets up a job with all the various lifecycle tasks and then will trigger each of the possible behaviors that @isabeldepapel identifies in the flowchart she's working on, and asserts the resulting restart behavior.
• I've done a bit of refactoring to reuse this mock generator for some other LifecycleAlloc tests, without trying to go all-in on it.

[hashicorp-cla]

All committers have signed the CLA.

[lgfa29]

This work has been incorporated into #14127, thanks!

[github-actions]

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