Backport of Fix error handling in Client consulDiscoveryImpl into release/1.2.x

[hc-github-team-nomad-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #14431 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.2.x.

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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Trivial one-liner fix, added a missing continue on non-nil error to avoid accidentally using a bad peer.

I ran into this while updating a single server test cluster to raft version 3 (https://www.nomadproject.io/docs/upgrade#upgrading-a-single-server-cluster-to-raft-version-3) by creating a raft.peers file manually and forgetting to include the port in the address field. This resulted in clients discovering via Consul to appear to successfully detect a server, but then later failing with errors like this:

client.rpc: error performing RPC to server: error="rpc error: failed to get conn: dial tcp: address <nil>: missing port in address" rpc=Node.GetClientAllocs server=<nil>

This fix will allow allow the client to check for other servers with functional Status.Peers responses, or in the absence of a functional server at least return a relevant error in the right place.

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