Backport of consul: register checks along with service on initial registration into release/1.2.x

[hc-github-team-nomad-core]

Backport

This PR is auto-generated from #14944 to be assessed for backporting due to the inclusion of the label backport/1.2.x.

WARNING automatic cherry-pick of commits failed. Commits will require human attention.

The below text is copied from the body of the original PR.

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This PR updates Nomad's Consul service client to include checks in
an initial service registration, so that the checks associated with
the service are registered "atomically" with the service. Before, we
would only register the checks after the service registration, which
causes problems where the service is deemed healthy, even if one or
more checks are unhealthy - especially problematic in the case where
SuccessBeforePassing is configured.

Fixes #3935

Note this doesn't address service de-registrations; which we'll get to in #10482

[hashicorp-cla]

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