Release provider-defined functions (#10288)

[shuyama1]

[upstream:c9cf14ddb3cabaec42953e86bdf2be122addb51e]

Release Note Template for Downstream PRs (will be copied)

provider: introduced support for provider-defined functions. This feature is in Terraform v1.8.0+.

provider: added provider-defined function `project_from_id` for retrieving the project id from a resource's self link or id

provider: added provider-defined functions `location_from_id`, `region_from_id`, and `zone_from_id` for retrieving the location/region/zone names from a resource's self link or id

provider: added provider-defined function `name_from_id` for retrieving the short-form name of a resource from its self link or id

provider: added provider-defined function `region_from_zone` for deriving a region from a zone's name

Derived from GoogleCloudPlatform/magic-modules#10288

[github-actions]

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[rileykarson]

I think we need to create the changelog file by hand, i.e.: https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-google/blob/main/.changelog/10295.txt

[rileykarson]

I think we need to create the changelog file by hand, i.e.: https://github.com/hashicorp/terraform-provider-google/blob/main/.changelog/10295.txt

[github-actions]

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