Fix arithmetic stability issue

It turns out "simple_stmt" isn't that simple: it can contain multiple
statements separated by semicolons. Invisible parenthesis logic for
arithmetic expressions only looked at the first child of simple_stmt.
This causes instability in the presence of semicolons, since the next
run through the statement following the semicolon will be the first
child of another simple_stmt.

I believe this along with psf#2572 fix the known stability issues.

src/black/linegen.py

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 from black.nodes import WHITESPACE, RARROW, STATEMENT, STANDALONE_COMMENT
 from black.nodes import ASSIGNMENTS, OPENING_BRACKETS, CLOSING_BRACKETS
-from black.nodes import Visitor, syms, first_child_is_arith, ensure_visible
+from black.nodes import Visitor, syms, is_arith_like, ensure_visible
 from black.nodes import is_docstring, is_empty_tuple, is_one_tuple, is_one_tuple_between
 from black.nodes import is_name_token, is_lpar_token, is_rpar_token
 from black.nodes import is_walrus_assignment, is_yield, is_vararg, is_multiline_string
@@ -156,8 +156,12 @@ def visit_suite(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
 
     def visit_simple_stmt(self, node: Node) -> Iterator[Line]:
         """Visit a statement without nested statements."""
-        if first_child_is_arith(node):
-            wrap_in_parentheses(node, node.children[0], visible=False)
+        prev_type = None
+        for child in node.children:
+            if (prev_type is None or prev_type == token.SEMI) and is_arith_like(child):
+                wrap_in_parentheses(node, child, visible=False)
+            prev_type = child.type
+
         is_suite_like = node.parent and node.parent.type in STATEMENT
         if is_suite_like:
             if self.mode.is_pyi and is_stub_body(node):

src/black/nodes.py

@@ -536,15 +536,14 @@ def first_leaf_column(node: Node) -> Optional[int]:
     return None
 
 
-def first_child_is_arith(node: Node) -> bool:
-    """Whether first child is an arithmetic or a binary arithmetic expression"""
-    expr_types = {
+def is_arith_like(node: Node) -> bool:
+    """Whether node is an arithmetic or a binary arithmetic expression"""
+    return node.type in {
         syms.arith_expr,
         syms.shift_expr,
         syms.xor_expr,
         syms.and_expr,
     }
-    return bool(node.children and node.children[0].type in expr_types)
 
 
 def is_docstring(leaf: Leaf) -> bool: