Revert "Update Dockerfile - reuse NO_PROXY_CACHE env (#7203)"

[macfarla]

This reverts commit dfe256e.
Reverts #7203

There's an issue running docker develop workflow

https://github.com/hyperledger/besu/actions/runs/9491467523

Run docker run --rm -i hadolint/hadolint < docker/Dockerfile
Unable to find image 'hadolint/hadolint:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from hadolint/hadolint
db4123164570: Pulling fs layer
db4123164570: Download complete
db4123164570: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fff226bdf9ebcc08db47fb90ee144dd770120b35c2b1cbbb46e932a650cfe232
Status: Downloaded newer image for hadolint/hadolint:latest
-:7 DL3008 warning: Pin versions in apt get install. Instead of `apt-get install <package>` use `apt-get install <package>=<version>`
Error: Process completed with exit code 1.

Thanks for sending a pull request! Have you done the following?

• Checked out our contribution guidelines?
• Considered documentation and added the doc-change-required label to this PR if updates are required.
• Considered the changelog and included an update if required.
• For database changes (e.g. KeyValueSegmentIdentifier) considered compatibility and performed forwards and backwards compatibility tests

Locally, you can run these tests to catch failures early:

• unit tests: ./gradlew build
• acceptance tests: ./gradlew acceptanceTest
• integration tests: ./gradlew integrationTest
• reference tests: ./gradlew ethereum:referenceTests:referenceTests

[usmansaleem]

LGTM