FontTools 4.x requires Python 3.6 or later. FontTools 3.x requires Python 2.7 or later.
NOTE From August 2019, until no later than January 1 2020, the support
for Python 2.7 will be limited to only critical bug fixes, and no new features
will be added to the py27
branch. The upcoming FontTools 4.x series will require
Python 3.6 or above. You can read more here
and here for the
reasons behind this decision.
The package is listed in the Python Package Index (PyPI), so you can install it with pip:
pip install fonttools
If you would like to contribute to its development, you can clone the repository from GitHub, install the package in 'editable' mode and modify the source code in place. We recommend creating a virtual environment, using virtualenv or Python 3 venv module.
# download the source code to 'fonttools' folder
git clone https://github.com/fonttools/fonttools.git
cd fonttools
# create new virtual environment called e.g. 'fonttools-venv', or anything you like
python -m virtualenv fonttools-venv
# source the `activate` shell script to enter the environment (Un*x); to exit, just type `deactivate`
. fonttools-venv/bin/activate
# to activate the virtual environment in Windows `cmd.exe`, do
fonttools-venv\Scripts\activate.bat
# install in 'editable' mode
pip install -e .
Once installed you can use the ttx
command to convert binary font
files (.otf
, .ttf
, etc) to the TTX XML format, edit them, and
convert them back to binary format. TTX files have a .ttx file
extension.
ttx /path/to/font.otf
ttx /path/to/font.ttx
The TTX application can be used in two ways, depending on what platform you run it on:
- As a command line tool (Windows/DOS, Unix, macOS)
- By dropping files onto the application (Windows, macOS)
TTX detects what kind of files it is fed: it will output a .ttx
file
when it sees a .ttf
or .otf
, and it will compile a .ttf
or
.otf
when the input file is a .ttx
file. By default, the output
file is created in the same folder as the input file, and will have the
same name as the input file but with a different extension. TTX will
never overwrite existing files, but if necessary will append a unique
number to the output filename (before the extension) such as
Arial#1.ttf
When using TTX from the command line there are a bunch of extra options.
These are explained in the help text, as displayed when typing
ttx -h
at the command prompt. These additional options include:
- specifying the folder where the output files are created
- specifying which tables to dump or which tables to exclude
- merging partial
.ttx
files with existing.ttf
or.otf
files - listing brief table info instead of dumping to
.ttx
- splitting tables to separate
.ttx
files - disabling TrueType instruction disassembly
The following tables are currently supported:
BASE, CBDT, CBLC, CFF, CFF2, COLR, CPAL, DSIG, EBDT, EBLC, FFTM, Feat, GDEF, GMAP, GPKG, GPOS, GSUB, Glat, Gloc, HVAR, JSTF, LTSH, MATH, META, MVAR, OS/2, SING, STAT, SVG, Silf, Sill, TSI0, TSI1, TSI2, TSI3, TSI5, TSIB, TSID, TSIJ, TSIP, TSIS, TSIV, TTFA, VDMX, VORG, VVAR, ankr, avar, bsln, cidg, cmap, cvar, cvt, feat, fpgm, fvar, gasp, gcid, glyf, gvar, hdmx, head, hhea, hmtx, kern, lcar, loca, ltag, maxp, meta, mort, morx, name, opbd, post, prep, prop, sbix, trak, vhea and vmtx
Other tables are dumped as hexadecimal data.
TrueType fonts use glyph indices (GlyphIDs) to refer to glyphs in most places. While this is fine in binary form, it is really hard to work with for humans. Therefore we use names instead.
The glyph names are either extracted from the CFF
table or the
post
table, or are derived from a Unicode cmap
table. In the
latter case the Adobe Glyph List is used to calculate names based on
Unicode values. If all of these methods fail, names are invented based
on GlyphID (eg glyph00142
)
It is possible that different glyphs use the same name. If this happens,
we force the names to be unique by appending #n
to the name (n
being an integer number.) The original names are being kept, so this has
no influence on a "round tripped" font.
Because the order in which glyphs are stored inside the binary font is important, we maintain an ordered list of glyph names in the font.
Commands for merging and subsetting fonts are also available:
pyftmerge
pyftsubset
The fontTools Python module provides a convenient way to programmatically edit font files.
>>> from fontTools.ttLib import TTFont
>>> font = TTFont('/path/to/font.ttf')
>>> font
<fontTools.ttLib.TTFont object at 0x10c34ed50>
>>>
A selection of sample Python programs is in the Snippets directory.
The fontTools
package currently has no (required) external dependencies
besides the modules included in the Python Standard Library.
However, a few extra dependencies are required by some of its modules, which
are needed to unlock optional features.
The fonttools
PyPI distribution also supports so-called "extras", i.e. a
set of keywords that describe a group of additional dependencies, which can be
used when installing via pip, or when specifying a requirement.
For example:
pip install fonttools[ufo,lxml,woff,unicode]
This command will install fonttools, as well as the optional dependencies that are required to unlock the extra features named "ufo", etc.
Lib/fontTools/misc/etree.py
The module exports a ElementTree-like API for reading/writing XML files, and allows to use as the backend either the built-in
xml.etree
module or lxml. The latter is preferred whenever present, as it is generally faster and more secure.Extra:
lxml
Lib/fontTools/ufoLib
Package for reading and writing UFO source files; it requires:
- fs: (aka
pyfilesystem2
) filesystem abstraction layer. - enum34: backport for the built-in
enum
module (only required on Python < 3.4).
Extra:
ufo
- fs: (aka
Lib/fontTools/ttLib/woff2.py
Module to compress/decompress WOFF 2.0 web fonts; it requires:
- brotli: Python bindings of the Brotli compression library.
Extra:
woff
Lib/fontTools/ttLib/sfnt.py
To better compress WOFF 1.0 web fonts, the following module can be used instead of the built-in
zlib
library:- zopfli: Python bindings of the Zopfli compression library.
Extra:
woff
Lib/fontTools/unicode.py
To display the Unicode character names when dumping the
cmap
table withttx
we use theunicodedata
module in the Standard Library. The version included in there varies between different Python versions. To use the latest available data, you can install:- unicodedata2:
unicodedata
backport for Python 2.7 and 3.x updated to the latest Unicode version 12.0. Note this is not necessary if you use Python 3.8 as the latter already comes with an up-to-dateunicodedata
.
Extra:
unicode
- unicodedata2:
Lib/fontTools/varLib/interpolatable.py
Module for finding wrong contour/component order between different masters. It requires one of the following packages in order to solve the so-called "minimum weight perfect matching problem in bipartite graphs", or the Assignment problem:
- scipy: the Scientific Library for Python, which internally uses NumPy arrays and hence is very fast;
- munkres: a pure-Python module that implements the Hungarian or Kuhn-Munkres algorithm.
Extra:
interpolatable
Lib/fontTools/varLib/plot.py
Module for visualizing DesignSpaceDocument and resulting VariationModel.
- matplotlib: 2D plotting library.
Extra:
plot
Lib/fontTools/misc/symfont.py
Advanced module for symbolic font statistics analysis; it requires:
- sympy: the Python library for symbolic mathematics.
Extra:
symfont
Lib/fontTools/t1Lib.py
To get the file creator and type of Macintosh PostScript Type 1 fonts on Python 3 you need to install the following module, as the old
MacOS
module is no longer included in Mac Python:- xattr: Python wrapper for extended filesystem attributes (macOS platform only).
Extra:
type1
Lib/fontTools/pens/cocoaPen.py
Pen for drawing glyphs with Cocoa
NSBezierPath
, requires:- PyObjC: the bridge between Python and the Objective-C runtime (macOS platform only).
Lib/fontTools/pens/qtPen.py
Pen for drawing glyphs with Qt's
QPainterPath
, requires:- PyQt5: Python bindings for the Qt cross platform UI and application toolkit.
Lib/fontTools/pens/reportLabPen.py
Pen to drawing glyphs as PNG images, requires:
- reportlab: Python toolkit for generating PDFs and graphics.
To run the test suite, you need to install pytest.
When you run the pytest
command, the tests will run against the
installed fontTools
package, or the first one found in the
PYTHONPATH
.
You can also use tox to automatically run tests on different Python versions in isolated virtual environments.
pip install tox
tox
Note that when you run tox
without arguments, the tests are executed
for all the environments listed in tox.ini's envlist
. In our case,
this includes Python 3.6 and 3.7, so for this to work the python3.6
and python3.7
executables must be available in your PATH
.
You can specify an alternative environment list via the -e
option,
or the TOXENV
environment variable:
tox -e py36
TOXENV="py36-cov,htmlcov" tox
TTX/FontTools development is ongoing in an active community of developers, that includes professional developers employed at major software corporations and type foundries as well as hobbyists.
Feature requests and bug reports are always welcome at https://github.com/fonttools/fonttools/issues/
The best place for discussions about TTX from an end-user perspective as well as TTX/FontTools development is the https://groups.google.com/d/forum/fonttools mailing list. There is also a development https://groups.google.com/d/forum/fonttools-dev mailing list for continuous integration notifications. You can also email Behdad privately at behdad@behdad.org
The fontTools project was started by Just van Rossum in 1999, and was maintained as an open source project at http://sourceforge.net/projects/fonttools/. In 2008, Paul Wise (pabs3) began helping Just with stability maintenance. In 2013 Behdad Esfahbod began a friendly fork, thoroughly reviewing the codebase and making changes at https://github.com/behdad/fonttools to add new features and support for new font formats.
In alphabetical order:
Olivier Berten, Samyak Bhuta, Erik van Blokland, Petr van Blokland, Jelle Bosma, Sascha Brawer, Tom Byrer, Frédéric Coiffier, Vincent Connare, Dave Crossland, Simon Daniels, Peter Dekkers, Behdad Esfahbod, Behnam Esfahbod, Hannes Famira, Sam Fishman, Matt Fontaine, Yannis Haralambous, Greg Hitchcock, Jeremie Hornus, Khaled Hosny, John Hudson, Denis Moyogo Jacquerye, Jack Jansen, Tom Kacvinsky, Jens Kutilek, Antoine Leca, Werner Lemberg, Tal Leming, Peter Lofting, Cosimo Lupo, Masaya Nakamura, Dave Opstad, Laurence Penney, Roozbeh Pournader, Garret Rieger, Read Roberts, Guido van Rossum, Just van Rossum, Andreas Seidel, Georg Seifert, Miguel Sousa, Adam Twardoch, Adrien Tétar, Vitaly Volkov, Paul Wise.
Copyright (c) 2000 BeOpen.com. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (c) 1995-2001 Corporation for National Research Initiatives. All Rights Reserved.
Copyright (c) 1991-1995 Stichting Mathematisch Centrum, Amsterdam. All Rights Reserved.
Have fun!