fix(case): fix dshape, error on noncomparable and empty cases

This is pinning down the expected behavior for cases before tackling
the case() to cases() switch in
#9096
so that PR can be simpler

ibis/backends/bigquery/tests/unit/snapshots/test_compiler/test_bucket/out.sql

@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ SELECT
       `t0`.`value` <= 3
     )
     THEN 1
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS INT64)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `tmp`
 FROM `t` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_assign_labels/out.sql

@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ FROM (
         `t0`.`f` <= 50
       )
       THEN 3
-      ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+      ELSE CAST NULL
     END AS `tier`,
     COUNT(*) AS `CountStar(alltypes)`
   FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/close_extreme_false/out.sql

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ SELECT
       `t0`.`f` < 50
     )
     THEN 2
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/close_extreme_false_closed_right/out.sql

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ SELECT
       `t0`.`f` <= 50
     )
     THEN 2
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/close_extreme_false_include_under_include_over/out.sql

@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ SELECT
     THEN 3
     WHEN 50 <= `t0`.`f`
     THEN 4
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/closed_right/out.sql

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ SELECT
       `t0`.`f` <= 50
     )
     THEN 2
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/closed_right_close_extreme_false_include_under/out.sql

@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ SELECT
       `t0`.`f` <= 50
     )
     THEN 3
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/closed_right_include_over_include_under/out.sql

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ SELECT
     THEN 0
     WHEN 10 < `t0`.`f`
     THEN 1
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/default/out.sql

@@ -18,6 +18,6 @@ SELECT
       `t0`.`f` <= 50
     )
     THEN 2
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/include_over_include_under0/out.sql

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ SELECT
     THEN 0
     WHEN 10 <= `t0`.`f`
     THEN 1
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/include_over_include_under1/out.sql

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ SELECT
     THEN 0
     WHEN 10 <= `t0`.`f`
     THEN 1
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS INT) AS `Cast(Bucket(f, ()), int32)`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/include_over_include_under2/out.sql

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ SELECT
     THEN 0
     WHEN 10 <= `t0`.`f`
     THEN 1
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS DOUBLE) AS `Cast(Bucket(f, ()), float64)`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/include_under/out.sql

@@ -20,6 +20,6 @@ SELECT
       `t0`.`f` <= 50
     )
     THEN 3
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_bucket_histogram/test_bucket_to_case/include_under_include_over/out.sql

@@ -22,6 +22,6 @@ SELECT
     THEN 3
     WHEN 50 < `t0`.`f`
     THEN 4
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TINYINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `Bucket(f, ())`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/impala/tests/snapshots/test_case_exprs/test_search_case/out.sql

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ SELECT
     THEN `t0`.`d` * 2
     WHEN `t0`.`c` < 0
     THEN `t0`.`a` * 2
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS BIGINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS `SearchedCase((Greater(f, 0), Less(c, 0)), (Multiply(d, 2), Multiply(a, 2)), Cast(None, int64))`
 FROM `alltypes` AS `t0`

ibis/backends/tests/sql/snapshots/test_select_sql/test_case_in_projection/decompiled.py

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@
     ibis.case()
     .when(alltypes.g == lit, lit2)
     .when(alltypes.g == lit1, alltypes.g)
-    .else_(ibis.literal(None).cast("string"))
+    .else_(ibis.literal(None))
     .end()
     .name("col2"),
     alltypes.a,

ibis/backends/tests/sql/snapshots/test_select_sql/test_case_in_projection/out.sql

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ SELECT
     THEN 'bar'
     WHEN "t0"."g" = 'baz'
     THEN "t0"."g"
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS TEXT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS "col2",
   "t0"."a",
   "t0"."b",

ibis/backends/tests/sql/snapshots/test_sql/test_searched_case/out.sql

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ SELECT
     THEN "t0"."d" * CAST(2 AS TINYINT)
     WHEN "t0"."c" < CAST(0 AS TINYINT)
     THEN "t0"."a" * CAST(2 AS TINYINT)
-    ELSE CAST(NULL AS BIGINT)
+    ELSE NULL
   END AS "tmp"
 FROM "alltypes" AS "t0"

ibis/expr/builders.py

@@ -68,6 +68,8 @@ def else_(self, result_expr: Any) -> Self:
 
     def end(self) -> ir.Value | Deferred:
         """Finish the `CASE` expression."""
+        if not self.cases:
+            raise ValueError("At least one case must be specified")
         return _finish_searched_case(self.cases, self.results, self.default)
 
 
@@ -98,8 +100,8 @@ def when(self, case_expr: Any, result_expr: Any) -> Self:
 
         if not rlz.comparable(self.base, case_expr.op()):
             raise TypeError(
-                f"Base expression {rlz._arg_type_error_format(self.base)} and "
-                f"case {rlz._arg_type_error_format(case_expr)} are not comparable"
+                f"Base expression {rlz.arg_type_error_format(self.base)} and "
+                f"case {rlz.arg_type_error_format(case_expr.op())} are not comparable"
             )
         return self.copy(
             cases=self.cases + (case_expr,), results=self.results + (result_expr,)
@@ -118,6 +120,8 @@ def else_(self, result_expr: Any) -> Self:
 
     def end(self) -> ir.Value:
         """Finish the `CASE` expression."""
+        if not self.cases:
+            raise ValueError("At least one case must be specified")
         if (default := self.default) is None:
             default = ibis.null().cast(rlz.highest_precedence_dtype(self.results))
         return ops.SimpleCase(

ibis/expr/operations/generic.py

@@ -293,12 +293,15 @@ class SimpleCase(Value):
     results: VarTuple[Value]
     default: Value
 
-    shape = rlz.shape_like("base")
-
     def __init__(self, cases, results, **kwargs):
         assert len(cases) == len(results)
         super().__init__(cases=cases, results=results, **kwargs)
 
+    @attribute
+    def shape(self):
+        exprs = [self.base, *self.cases, *self.results, self.default]
+        return rlz.highest_precedence_shape(exprs)
+
     @attribute
     def dtype(self):
         values = [*self.results, self.default]
@@ -315,14 +318,12 @@ class SearchedCase(Value):
 
     def __init__(self, cases, results, default):
         assert len(cases) == len(results)
-        if default.dtype.is_null():
-            default = Cast(default, rlz.highest_precedence_dtype(results))
         super().__init__(cases=cases, results=results, default=default)
 
     @attribute
     def shape(self):
-        # TODO(kszucs): can be removed after making Sequence iterable
-        return rlz.highest_precedence_shape(self.cases)
+        exprs = [*self.cases, *self.results, self.default]
+        return rlz.highest_precedence_shape(exprs)
 
     @attribute
     def dtype(self):

ibis/expr/operations/logical.py

@@ -66,8 +66,8 @@ def __init__(self, left, right):
         """
         if not rlz.comparable(left, right):
             raise IbisTypeError(
-                f"Arguments {rlz._arg_type_error_format(left)} and "
-                f"{rlz._arg_type_error_format(right)} are not comparable"
+                f"Arguments {rlz.arg_type_error_format(left)} and "
+                f"{rlz.arg_type_error_format(right)} are not comparable"
             )
         super().__init__(left=left, right=right)
 
@@ -121,13 +121,13 @@ class Between(Value):
     def __init__(self, arg, lower_bound, upper_bound):
         if not rlz.comparable(arg, lower_bound):
             raise ValidationError(
-                f"Arguments {rlz._arg_type_error_format(arg)} and "
-                f"{rlz._arg_type_error_format(lower_bound)} are not comparable"
+                f"Arguments {rlz.arg_type_error_format(arg)} and "
+                f"{rlz.arg_type_error_format(lower_bound)} are not comparable"
             )
         if not rlz.comparable(arg, upper_bound):
             raise ValidationError(
-                f"Arguments {rlz._arg_type_error_format(arg)} and "
-                f"{rlz._arg_type_error_format(upper_bound)} are not comparable"
+                f"Arguments {rlz.arg_type_error_format(arg)} and "
+                f"{rlz.arg_type_error_format(upper_bound)} are not comparable"
             )
         super().__init__(arg=arg, lower_bound=lower_bound, upper_bound=upper_bound)
 

ibis/expr/rules.py

@@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ def _promote_interval_resolution(units: list[IntervalUnit]) -> IntervalUnit:
     raise AssertionError("unreachable")
 
 
-def _arg_type_error_format(op):
+def arg_type_error_format(op: ops.Value) -> str:
     if isinstance(op, ops.Literal):
         return f"Literal({op.value}):{op.dtype}"
     else:

ibis/tests/expr/test_case.py

@@ -1,10 +1,13 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+import pytest
+
 import ibis
 import ibis.expr.datatypes as dt
 import ibis.expr.operations as ops
 import ibis.expr.types as ir
 from ibis import _
+from ibis.common.annotations import SignatureValidationError
 from ibis.tests.util import assert_equal, assert_pickle_roundtrip
 
 
@@ -44,6 +47,41 @@ def test_ifelse_function_deferred(table):
     assert res.equals(sol)
 
 
+def test_case_dshape(table):
+    assert isinstance(ibis.case().when(True, "bar").when(False, "bar").end(), ir.Scalar)
+    assert isinstance(ibis.case().when(True, None).else_("bar").end(), ir.Scalar)
+    assert isinstance(
+        ibis.case().when(table.b == 9, None).else_("bar").end(), ir.Column
+    )
+    assert isinstance(ibis.case().when(True, table.a).else_(42).end(), ir.Column)
+    assert isinstance(ibis.case().when(True, 42).else_(table.a).end(), ir.Column)
+    assert isinstance(ibis.case().when(True, table.a).else_(table.b).end(), ir.Column)
+
+    assert isinstance(ibis.literal(5).case().when(9, 42).end(), ir.Scalar)
+    assert isinstance(ibis.literal(5).case().when(9, 42).else_(43).end(), ir.Scalar)
+    assert isinstance(ibis.literal(5).case().when(table.a, 42).end(), ir.Column)
+    assert isinstance(ibis.literal(5).case().when(9, table.a).end(), ir.Column)
+    assert isinstance(ibis.literal(5).case().when(table.a, table.b).end(), ir.Column)
+    assert isinstance(
+        ibis.literal(5).case().when(9, 42).else_(table.a).end(), ir.Column
+    )
+    assert isinstance(table.a.case().when(9, 42).end(), ir.Column)
+    assert isinstance(table.a.case().when(table.b, 42).end(), ir.Column)
+    assert isinstance(table.a.case().when(9, table.b).end(), ir.Column)
+    assert isinstance(table.a.case().when(table.a, table.b).end(), ir.Column)
+
+
+def test_case_dtype():
+    assert isinstance(
+        ibis.case().when(True, "bar").when(False, "bar").end(), ir.StringValue
+    )
+    assert isinstance(ibis.case().when(True, None).else_("bar").end(), ir.StringValue)
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        assert ibis.case().when(True, 5).when(False, "bar").end()
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        assert ibis.case().when(True, 5).else_("bar").end()
+
+
 def test_simple_case_expr(table):
     case1, result1 = "foo", table.a
     case2, result2 = "bar", table.c
@@ -162,8 +200,6 @@ def test_multiple_case_null_else(table):
     op = expr.op()
     assert isinstance(expr, ir.StringColumn)
     assert isinstance(op.default.to_expr(), ir.Value)
-    assert isinstance(op.default, ops.Cast)
-    assert op.default.to == dt.string
 
 
 def test_case_mixed_type():
@@ -177,3 +213,33 @@ def test_case_mixed_type():
     )
     result = t0[expr]
     assert result["label"].type().equals(dt.string)
+
+
+def test_err_on_nonbool(table):
+    with pytest.raises(SignatureValidationError):
+        ibis.case().when(table.a, "bar").else_("baz").end()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.xfail(reason="Literal('foo', type=bool), should error, but doesn't")
+def test_err_on_nonbool2():
+    with pytest.raises(SignatureValidationError):
+        ibis.case().when("foo", "bar").else_("baz").end()
+
+
+def test_err_on_noncomparable(table):
+    table.a.case().when(8, "bar").end()
+    table.a.case().when(-8, "bar").end()
+    # Can't compare an int to a string
+    with pytest.raises(TypeError):
+        table.a.case().when("foo", "bar").end()
+
+
+def test_err_on_empty_cases(table):
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        ibis.case().end()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        ibis.case().else_(42).end()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        table.a.case().end()
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        table.a.case().else_(42).end()