feat(ux): improve error message on unequal schemas during set ops

ibis/common/collections.py

@@ -8,6 +8,7 @@
 from public import public
 
 from ibis.common.bases import Abstract, Hashable
+from ibis.common.exceptions import ConflictingValuesError
 
 if TYPE_CHECKING:
     from typing_extensions import Self
@@ -202,12 +203,13 @@ def _check_conflict(self, other: collections.abc.Mapping) -> set[K]:
         # A key-value pair is conflicting if the key is the same but the value is
         # different.
         common_keys = self.keys() & other.keys()
-        for key in common_keys:
-            left, right = self[key], other[key]
-            if left != right:
-                raise ValueError(
-                    f"Conflicting values for key `{key}`: {left} != {right}"
-                )
+        conflicts = {
+            (key, self[key], other[key])
+            for key in common_keys
+            if self[key] != other[key]
+        }
+        if conflicts:
+            raise ConflictingValuesError(conflicts)
         return common_keys
 
     def __ge__(self, other: collections.abc.Mapping) -> bool:

ibis/common/exceptions.py

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@
 
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from typing import Callable
+from typing import Any, Callable
 
 
 class IbisError(Exception):
@@ -143,6 +143,16 @@ def __str__(self) -> str:
         return f"Only the `@udf` decorator is allowed in user-defined function: `{name}`; found lines {lines}"
 
 
+class ConflictingValuesError(ValueError):
+    """A single key has conflicting values in two different mappings."""
+
+    def __init__(self, conflicts: set[tuple[Any, Any, Any]]):
+        self.conflicts = conflicts
+        msgs = [f"  `{key}`: {v1} != {v2}" for key, v1, v2 in conflicts]
+        msg = "Conflicting values for keys:\n" + "\n".join(msgs)
+        super().__init__(msg)
+
+
 def mark_as_unsupported(f: Callable) -> Callable:
     """Decorate an unsupported method."""
 

ibis/expr/operations/relations.py

@@ -10,7 +10,11 @@
 import ibis.expr.datashape as ds
 import ibis.expr.datatypes as dt
 from ibis.common.annotations import attribute
-from ibis.common.collections import FrozenDict, FrozenOrderedDict
+from ibis.common.collections import (
+    ConflictingValuesError,
+    FrozenDict,
+    FrozenOrderedDict,
+)
 from ibis.common.exceptions import IbisTypeError, IntegrityError, RelationError
 from ibis.common.grounds import Concrete
 from ibis.common.patterns import Between, InstanceOf
@@ -288,10 +292,21 @@
     values = FrozenOrderedDict()
 
     def __init__(self, left, right, **kwargs):
-        # convert to dictionary first, to get key-unordered comparison semantics
-        if dict(left.schema) != dict(right.schema):
-            raise RelationError("Table schemas must be equal for set operations")
-        elif left.schema.names != right.schema.names:
+        err_msg = "Table schemas must be equal for set operations."
+        try:
+            missing_from_left = right.schema - left.schema
+            missing_from_right = left.schema - right.schema
+        except ConflictingValuesError as e:
+            raise RelationError(err_msg + "\n" + str(e)) from e
+        if missing_from_left or missing_from_right:
+            msgs = [err_msg]
+            if missing_from_left:
+                msgs.append(f"Columns missing from the left:\n{missing_from_left}.")
+            if missing_from_right:
+                msgs.append(f"Columns missing from the right:\n{missing_from_right}.")
+            raise RelationError("\n".join(msgs))
+
+        if left.schema.names != right.schema.names:
             # rewrite so that both sides have the columns in the same order making it
             # easier for the backends to implement set operations
             cols = {name: Field(right, name) for name in left.schema.names}

ibis/expr/schema.py

@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ def _name_locs(self) -> dict[str, int]:
     def equals(self, other: Schema) -> bool:
         """Return whether `other` is equal to `self`.
 
+        The order of fields in the schema is taken into account when computing equality.
+
         Parameters
         ----------
         other
@@ -77,12 +79,13 @@ def equals(self, other: Schema) -> bool:
         Examples
         --------
         >>> import ibis
-        >>> first = ibis.schema({"a": "int"})
-        >>> second = ibis.schema({"a": "int"})
-        >>> assert first.equals(second)
-        >>> third = ibis.schema({"a": "array<int>"})
-        >>> assert not first.equals(third)
-
+        >>> xy = ibis.schema({"x": int, "y": str})
+        >>> xy2 = ibis.schema({"x": int, "y": str})
+        >>> yx = ibis.schema({"y": str, "x": int})
+        >>> xy_float = ibis.schema({"x": float, "y": str})
+        >>> assert xy.equals(xy2)
+        >>> assert not xy.equals(yx)
+        >>> assert not xy.equals(xy_float)
         """
         if not isinstance(other, Schema):
             raise TypeError(

ibis/tests/expr/test_set_operations.py

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ class D:
 
 @pytest.mark.parametrize("method", ["union", "intersect", "difference"])
 def test_operation_requires_equal_schemas(method):
-    with pytest.raises(RelationError):
+    with pytest.raises(RelationError, match="`c`: string != float64"):
         getattr(a, method)(d)