Mix the idea of Ansible with CookieCutter Templates and Django Migrations to manage and update your Python Packages and Django Projects...
The main idea it to transfer changes of a CookieCutter template back to the created project. Manageprojects used git to create a patch of the template changes and applies it to the created project.
Besides this, manageprojects
also includes other generic helper for Python packages:
publish_package()
- Build and upload a new release to PyPi, but with many pre-checks.format-file
- Format/Check a Python source file with Darker & Co., useful as IDE action.install_python.py
- One file and no dependencies to install Python, if needed, from official Python FTP server, verified.setup_python.py
- One file and no dependencies to download and setup redistributable Python, if needed.
Read below the Helper
section.
Documentation: docs/ (WIP)
Currently just clone the project and just start the cli (that will create a virtualenv and installs every dependencies)
e.g.:
~$ git clone https://github.com/jedie/manageprojects.git
~$ cd manageprojects
~/manageprojects$ ./cli.py --help
The output of ./cli.py --help
looks like:
Usage: ./cli.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --help Show this message and exit. │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Commands ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ clone-project Clone existing project by replay the cookiecutter template in a new │
│ directory. │
│ format-file Format and check the given python source code file with │
│ darker/autoflake/isort/pyupgrade/autopep8/mypy etc. │
│ reverse Create a cookiecutter template from a managed project. │
│ start-project Start a new "managed" project via a CookieCutter Template. Note: The │
│ CookieCutter Template *must* be use git! │
│ update-project Update a existing project. │
│ update-readme-history Update project history base on git commits/tags in README.md │
│ version Print version and exit │
│ wiggle Run wiggle to merge *.rej in given directory. │
│ https://github.com/neilbrown/wiggle │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Help from ./cli.py start-project --help
Looks like:
Usage: ./cli.py start-project [OPTIONS] TEMPLATE OUTPUT_DIR
Start a new "managed" project via a CookieCutter Template. Note: The CookieCutter Template *must*
be use git!
e.g.:
./cli.py start-project https://github.com/jedie/cookiecutter_templates/ --directory
piptools-python ~/foobar/
╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --directory TEXT Cookiecutter Option: Directory within repo that holds │
│ cookiecutter.json file for advanced repositories with multi │
│ templates in it │
│ --checkout TEXT Cookiecutter Option: branch, tag or commit to checkout after git │
│ clone │
│ --input/--no-input Cookiecutter Option: Do not prompt for parameters and only use │
│ cookiecutter.json file content │
│ [default: input] │
│ --replay/--no-replay Cookiecutter Option: Do not prompt for parameters and only use │
│ information entered previously │
│ [default: no-replay] │
│ --password TEXT Cookiecutter Option: Password to use when extracting the │
│ repository │
│ --config-file FILE Cookiecutter Option: Optional path to "cookiecutter_config.yaml" │
│ --help Show this message and exit. │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Help from ./cli.py update-project --help
Looks like:
Usage: ./cli.py update-project [OPTIONS] PROJECT_PATH
Update a existing project.
e.g. update by overwrite (and merge changes manually via git):
./cli.py update-project ~/foo/bar/
╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --overwrite/--no-overwrite Overwrite all Cookiecutter template files to the last │
│ template state and do not apply the changes via git patches. │
│ The developer is supposed to apply the differences manually │
│ via git. Will be aborted if the project git repro is not in │
│ a clean state. │
│ [default: overwrite] │
│ --password TEXT Cookiecutter Option: Password to use when extracting the │
│ repository │
│ --config-file FILE Cookiecutter Option: Optional path to │
│ "cookiecutter_config.yaml" │
│ --input/--no-input Cookiecutter Option: Do not prompt for parameters and only │
│ use cookiecutter.json file content │
│ [default: no-input] │
│ --cleanup/--no-cleanup Cleanup created temporary files [default: cleanup] │
│ --help Show this message and exit. │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
Use start-project
command and a github url as Cookiecutter template, e.g.:
~/manageprojects$ ./cli.py start-project https://github.com/jedie/cookiecutter_templates/ --directory piptools-python ~/my_new_project/
~/manageprojects$ cd ~/my_new_project/your_cool_package/
~/my_new_project/your_cool_package/$ git init
~/my_new_project/your_cool_package/$ git add .
~/my_new_project/your_cool_package/$ git commit --message "my cool new project"
Note: https://github.com/jedie/cookiecutter_templates is a multi template repository, the piptools-python
template is here: https://github.com/jedie/cookiecutter_templates/tree/main/piptools-python
After running the start-project
command, look into the created files.
Manage projects stores all needed meta information about the used Cookiecutter template into pyproject.toml
, e.g.:
~/manageprojects$ cat ~/my_new_project/your_cool_package/pyproject.toml
...
[manageprojects] # https://github.com/jedie/manageprojects
initial_revision = "6e4c875"
initial_date = 2022-11-10T12:37:20+01:00
cookiecutter_template = "https://github.com/jedie/cookiecutter_templates/"
cookiecutter_directory = "piptools-python"
[manageprojects.cookiecutter_context.cookiecutter]
...
If the source Cookiecutter changed, then you can apply these changes to your created project, e.g.:
~/manageprojects$ ./cli.py update-project ~/my_new_project/your_cool_package/
After this, manageproject will update the own meta information in pyproject.toml
by add applied_migrations
with the information about the current Cookiecutter version, e.g.:
~/manageprojects$ cat ~/my_new_project/your_cool_package/pyproject.toml
...
[manageprojects] # https://github.com/jedie/manageprojects
initial_revision = "6e4c875"
initial_date = 2022-11-10T12:37:20+01:00
cookiecutter_template = "https://github.com/jedie/cookiecutter_templates/"
cookiecutter_directory = "piptools-python"
applied_migrations = [
"dd69dcf", # 2022-11-22T19:48:28+01:00
]
...
Everything is based on git ;)
- manageprojects knows the git hash of the used Cookiecutter Template at creation time and the current git hash.
- It builds a git patch between these two commits.
- This patch will be applied to the created project sources.
So theoretically the changes in the template are applied to the project.
However, this does not work in every case, because git can't match the changes.
See below:
One problem is that git can't apply all changes.
But git apply
is used with --reject
.
It applies the parts of the patch that are applicable,
and leave the rejected hunks in corresponding *.rej
files.
There is a cool tool, called wiggle
: https://github.com/neilbrown/wiggle
It tries to apply rejected patches by perform word-wise diffs.
Just run wiggle
via manageproject CLI, e.g.:
~/manageprojects$ ./cli.py wiggle ~/my_new_project/your_cool_package/
A alternative way to update a project:
- Just overwrite all files with the current Cookiecutter template output
- Merge changes manually via
git
So you doesn't have trouble with not applicable git patches ;)
Just add --overwrite
, e.g.:
~/manageprojects$ ./cli.py update-project --overwrite ~/my_new_project/your_cool_package/
Below are some generic tools helpful for Python packages.
A script to download, build and install a Python interpreter, but only if the system Python is not the required major version. It's a standalone script with no dependencies. Works with Python 3.9+.
More information: docs/install_python.md
A existing managed project can be converted back to a Cookiecutter template, e.g.:
~/manageprojects$ ./cli.py reverse ~/my_new_project/ ~/cookiecutter_template/
You can use format-file
as "Action on save" or manual action in your IDE to fix code style ;)
Usage: ./cli.py format-file [OPTIONS] FILE_PATH
Format and check the given python source code file with
darker/autoflake/isort/pyupgrade/autopep8/mypy etc.
The optional fallback values will be only used, if we can't get them from the project meta files
like ".editorconfig" and "pyproject.toml"
╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --py-version TEXT Fallback Python version for darker/pyupgrade, if │
│ version is not defined in pyproject.toml │
│ [default: 3.10] │
│ --max-line-length -l INTEGER Fallback max. line length for darker/isort etc., if │
│ not defined in .editorconfig │
│ [default: 119] │
│ --darker-prefixes TEXT Apply prefixes via autopep8 before calling darker. │
│ [default: E301,E302,E303,E305,W391] │
│ --remove-all-unused-imports Remove all unused imports (not just those from the │
│ standard library) via autoflake │
│ [default: True] │
│ --help Show this message and exit. │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
The manageprojects.utilities.publish.publish_package()
is designed for external packages, too.
Build and upload (with twine) a project to PyPi with many pre-checks:
- Has correct version number?
- Is on main branch and up-to-date with origin?
- Check if current version already published
- Build a git tag based on current package version
- Adds change messages since last release to git tag message
Some checks result in a hard exit, but some can be manually confirmed from the user to continue publishing.
For developing manageprojects, there is the dev-cli.py
.
The output of ./dev-cli.py --help
looks like:
Usage: ./dev-cli.py [OPTIONS] COMMAND [ARGS]...
╭─ Options ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ --help Show this message and exit. │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
╭─ Commands ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╮
│ check-code-style Check code style by calling darker + flake8 │
│ coverage Run tests and show coverage report. │
│ fix-code-style Fix code style of all manageprojects source code files via darker │
│ git-hooks Setup our "pre-commit" git hooks │
│ install Install requirements and 'manageprojects' via pip as editable. │
│ mypy Run Mypy (configured in pyproject.toml) │
│ pip-audit Run pip-audit check against current requirements files │
│ publish Build and upload this project to PyPi │
│ run-git-hooks Run the installed "pre-commit" git hooks │
│ test Run unittests │
│ tox Run tox │
│ update Update "requirements*.txt" dependencies files │
│ update-readme-history Update project history base on git commits/tags in README.md │
│ update-test-snapshot-files Update all test snapshot files (by remove and recreate all snapshot │
│ files) │
│ version Print version and exit │
╰──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────╯
To install the git hooks, run:
~/manageprojects$ ./dev-cli.py git-hooks
See also git tags: https://github.com/jedie/manageprojects/tags
- v0.20.0
- 2024-11-11 - Bugfix publish: Add "build" dep.
- 2024-11-11 - Bugfix publish command: Add missing "setuptools" dep.
- 2024-11-11 - Switch to uv
- 2024-09-25 - Add: test_pre_commit_hooks()
- 2024-09-25 - Move git pre-commit hook from dev-cli.py to update command
- v0.19.2
- 2024-09-24 - Add piwheels hashes, too.
- 2024-09-24 - Apply update from cookiecutter templates
- 2024-09-24 - Update requirements
- v0.19.1
- 2024-09-15 - Bugfix and enhance "setup_python.py"
- v0.19.0
- 2024-09-15 - NEW: setup_python.py
- 2024-09-15 - Update requirements
Expand older history entries ...
- v0.18.0
- 2024-08-29 - Fix wrong "module" in publish call :(
- 2024-08-29 - Fix wrong "distribution_name" in publish command
- 2024-08-29 - Update typeannotations
- 2024-08-29 - Fix wrong typeannotation
- 2024-08-29 - Add IncludeInstallPythonBaseTestCase to auto update 'install_python.py'
- 2024-08-29 - Add: .pre-commit-hooks.yaml
- 2024-08-29 - NEW: install_python.py
- 2024-08-29 - Fix CI + tox
- 2024-08-29 - Update tox envlist to github action matrix
- 2024-08-29 - Bugfix update pyproject_toml.py via cookiecutter template
- 2024-08-29 - Update requirements + apply template updates
- 2024-03-08 - Run "refurb", too.
- 2024-01-16 - add and use typeguard in tests
- 2024-07-09 - Split CLI
- 2024-02-22 - Update requirements
- 2023-12-30 - Fix typos
- v0.17.1
- 2023-12-29 - Still support Python v3.9
- v0.17.0
- 2023-12-21 - Bugfix: Don't loose the "[manageprojects]" content on overwrite-update
- 2023-12-21 - typing: Optional -> None
- 2023-12-21 - Unify BASE_PATH / PACKAGE_ROOT etc.
- 2023-12-21 - Apply manageprojects updates: Skip Python 3.9 support
- 2023-12-21 - Update requirements
- v0.16.2
- 2023-12-16 - Update pre-commit-config
- 2023-12-16 - Skip test_readme_history() on CI
- 2023-12-16 - Add git hook "update-readme-history"
- 2023-12-16 - Apply cookiecutter updates
- 2023-12-16 - Update requirements
- v0.16.1
- 2023-12-05 - Fix "format file" and very verbose error output
- v0.16.0
- 2023-12-02 - Use code style tooling from cli-base-utilities
- 2023-12-01 - Apply https://github.com/jedie/cookiecutter_templates updates
- 2023-12-01 - Use: cli_base.cli_tools.test_utils.logs.AssertLogs
- v0.15.4
- 2023-11-27 - Use "flake8-bugbear", too.
- v0.15.3
- 2023-11-09 - Bugfix "reverse" if context contains a list
- 2023-11-07 - Update requirements
- v0.15.2
- 2023-11-01 - Update requirements
- v0.15.1
- 2023-10-08 - Update text matrix with Python v3.12
- 2023-10-08 - fix github CI
- 2023-10-08 - Update for CookieCutter v2.4.0 changes
- 2023-10-08 - Autogenerate history via https://github.com/jedie/cli-base-utilities
- 2023-09-24 - apply migrations
- 2023-09-24 - Update requirements
- v0.15.0
- 2023-08-17 - Deprecate Git
- 2023-08-17 - Deprecate print_version() (moved to cli_base)
- v0.14.1
- 2023-08-17 - apply project template updates and update requirements
- 2023-08-15 - Update requirements
- v0.14.0
- 2023-08-09 - Use https://github.com/jedie/cli-base-utilities
- v0.13.0
- 2023-08-05 - publish: Support "dynamic metadata" from setuptools for the version
- 2023-08-05 - Split CLI
- v0.12.1
- 2023-06-11 - Ehance git.push() by adding
get_output
to method
- 2023-06-11 - Ehance git.push() by adding
- v0.12.0
- 2023-06-11 - New: git.get_remote_url() and git.get_github_username()
- v0.11.0
- 2023-06-11 - Update requirements and relase as v0.11.0
- 2023-06-11 - Enhance Git()
- 2023-05-12 - Use "--remove-all-unused-imports" as default for autoflake
- v0.10.0
- 2023-05-11 - Enhance "format-file" and add "autoflake" to remove unused imports
- 2023-04-10 - Update requirements
- 2023-04-10 - apply manageprojects updates
- 2023-04-08 - Apply project updates
- v0.9.10
- 2023-04-08 - Add helper to find and get the "pyproject.toml" file
- v0.9.9
- 2023-04-04 - Set --overwrite as default in update-project command
- 2023-04-04 - Cleanup requirements
- 2023-04-04 - project updates
- v0.9.8
- 2023-04-04 - Add
--overwrite
option toreverse
command
- 2023-04-04 - Add
- v0.9.7
- 2023-04-03 - Bugfix reverse command: Optimize replacements
- 2023-03-17 - apply code migrations
- v0.9.6
- 2023-03-12 - Speedup: Install as editable with '--no-deps'
- 2023-03-12 - Fix #68 Handle if there are no git tags while publishing
- 2023-03-11 - Bugfix reverse command and binary files
- v0.9.4
- 2023-03-09 - Support "poerty" in publish_package(), too.
- v0.9.3
- 2023-03-07 - Fix publish
- 2023-03-07 - Update project
- 2023-03-06 - coverage xml report + CLI
- 2023-03-06 - Update README.md
- 2023-03-06 - Fix CI / coverage run
- 2023-03-06 - Remove "python_version < 3.11" for "tomli"
- 2023-03-06 - merge cookie cutter template updates
- v0.9.2
- 2023-02-26 - Make the Result available on an error
- 2023-02-26 - update requirements
- 2023-02-26 - invoke_click(): Raise exception if exists
- 2023-02-23 - Add: "E301 - expected 1 blank line" to "format-file"
- v0.9.1
- 2023-02-22 - Bugfix publish a poetry package and get the version string from pyproject.toml
- v0.9.0
- 2023-02-21 - README
- 2023-02-21 - Refactor publish command and make is useable for external packages, too.
- 2023-02-21 - Enhance verbose_check_output: Display output on errors and exit
- 2023-02-20 - Enhance SubprocessCallMock: Mock subprocess.run(), too.
- v0.8.3
- 2023-02-20 - Bugfix packaging: remove "tox" from normal, non-dev dependencies
- v0.8.2
- 2023-02-20 - Path(sys.executable).parent -> PY_BIN_PATH
- 2023-02-20 - Add "E305" to darker prefixes
- 2023-02-20 - Add tox config via manageprojects
- 2023-02-19 - Add "W391 blank line at end of file" to darker pre fixes
- 2023-02-19 - Add check_editor_config()
- 2023-02-19 - CLI: Add "version" back as pseudo command.
- 2023-02-19 - Better subprocess_utils API
- v0.8.0
- 2023-02-19 - Split "test_cli" and add "format-file" into README
- 2023-02-18 - Add reuseable helper: print_version()
- 2023-02-18 - NEW: "format-file"
- 2023-02-18 - add Safety check
- 2023-02-18 - apply manageprojects
- v0.7.3
- 2023-01-25 - Bugfix "--overwrite" if there are new directories in template
- 2023-01-25 - Bugfix "overwrite" if there are new files
- v0.7.1
- 2023-01-25 - Add cli help pages into README using helper in bx_py_utils
- v0.7.0
- 2023-01-15 - Fix #41 Add "--overwrite" to "update-project" command
- v0.6.0
- 2023-01-14 - bugfix publish command
- 2023-01-14 - NEW: "update-test-snapshot-files" command
- 2023-01-14 - Fix tests
- 2023-01-13 - Replace typer with the origin click
- 2023-01-12 - apply migration
- 2023-01-12 - Enhance CLI argument documentation
- 2023-01-11 - update requirements
- 2023-01-09 - Better code style test + fix via unittests
- 2023-01-09 - Use RedirectOut from bx_py_utils v73
- 2023-01-09 - Bugfix "./cli.py install" and wrong path to req. file
- 2023-01-09 - reverse command: Use "git ls-files" instead of pathspec
- v0.5.0
- 2023-01-08 - NEW: Reverse a project into a Cookiecutter template
- v0.4.0
- 2022-12-30 - Refactor "dependencies" definition
- 2022-12-30 - Bugfix Git(): Pass environment, but set "en_US" als language
- 2022-12-30 - update requirements
- 2022-12-30 - include all packages
- 2022-12-30 - Capture and check log output in tests
- 2022-12-30 - cleanup editorconfig
- 2022-12-30 - enhance test run
- 2022-12-30 - Bugfix wrong "hint"
- v0.3.3
- 2022-12-21 - Update requirements
- 2022-12-21 - Use new pip-compile resolver
- 2022-12-21 - Bugfix if git output will be translated.
- 2022-11-30 - Fix help by adding './cli.py' and add basic CLI tests
- 2022-11-30 - Enhance "start-project" and "update-project" CLI help pages
- 2022-11-30 - Update README.md
- 2022-11-22 - update reqirements
- 2022-11-20 - SELF MANAGE !!!
- 2022-11-20 - fix typo
- 2022-11-20 - rename: "./mp.py" -> "./cli.py"
- v0.3.2
- 2022-11-19 - git tag on publish
- 2022-11-19 - udpate requirements
- 2022-11-19 - init_git(): Add a "fake" origin and push the current branch to it
- 2022-11-19 - Update README.md
- 2022-11-15 - Bugfix packaging: Release as 0.3.1
- 2022-11-15 - Move test utilities to normal package
- 2022-11-15 - update requirements
- 2022-11-15 - code cleanup
- 2022-11-10 - remove own templates -> https://github.com/jedie/cookiecutter_templates
- 2022-11-10 - Bugfix start project with own templates
- 2022-11-10 - NEW: Clone a existing project by replay the cookiecutter template in a new directory.
- 2022-11-10 - Display "git apply patch" output
- 2022-11-10 - Bugfix reset "pyproject.toml" by overwriting with old content
- 2022-11-09 - Use the origin unitest CLI
- 2022-11-09 - Catch if git apply failes and add wiggle command to fix .rej files
- 2022-11-09 - fix tests and set git user name/email if not exists
- 2022-11-08 - Fix tests and more logging/output
- 2022-11-07 - Bugfix patch paths
- 2022-11-07 - Bugfix extra_context
- 2022-11-07 - Generate better git diffs
- 2022-11-07 - fix some optional typehints
- 2022-11-07 - Better update project output
- 2022-11-07 - add "cleanup" to CLI
- 2022-11-07 - pass "no_input"
- 2022-11-07 - change tomlkit.Container to a normal dict
- 2022-11-07 - fix typo
- 2022-11-07 - Better log config
- 2022-11-06 - Add "update-project" to CLI
- 2022-11-06 - +DocString for password
- 2022-11-06 - fix double logging output
- 2022-11-06 - Don't store "_output_dir" in pyproject.toml
- 2022-11-04 - Fix version test if colors are enabled
- 2022-11-04 - Bugfix exit tests on failour
- 2022-11-03 - Simplify store the context to toml file
- 2022-11-03 - refactor and fix tests
- 2022-11-03 - Add --help in README
- 2022-11-03 - Cookiecutter will only checkout a specific commit, if
template
is a repro url! - 2022-11-03 - Add "%(name)s" to log output
- 2022-11-03 - Support optional
--test-path
for "./mp.py test" - 2022-11-03 - Rename "./mp.py unittest" to "./mp.py test"
- 2022-11-01 - WIP: Refactor and add more tests
- 2022-11-01 - Add cleanup argument in TemporaryDirectory
- 2022-11-01 - move code
- 2022-11-01 - Add and use log_func_call() helper
- 2022-10-30 - Store/use Cookiecutter context untouched
- 2022-10-30 - Add helper to convert nested dicts to toml
- 2022-10-29 - WIP: enhance tests
- 2022-10-29 - Fix typo and log more info
- 2022-10-29 - Overwrite existing patch files
- 2022-10-29 - fix some typehints
- 2022-10-29 - WIP: update the existing project
- 2022-10-28 - MOve som ecore parts + start "update project"
- 2022-10-28 - Test start project with local template
- 2022-10-27 - fix typing errors and activate "mypy" in tests
- 2022-10-27 - Coverage: '--fail-under=50'
- 2022-10-27 - test_git_apply_patch()
- 2022-10-27 - Test git diff
- 2022-10-27 - Add init_git() for tests
- 2022-10-27 - Add test utils to generate git repositories "on-the-fly"
- 2022-10-27 - Use assert_is_dir, assert_is_file from bx_py_utils
- 2022-10-26 - Add 3.11 to CI
- 2022-10-26 - fix ci coverage
- 2022-10-26 - Store information into pyproject.toml
- 2022-10-26 - setup coverage
- 2022-10-26 - enhance log setup
- 2022-10-25 - +requires-python = ">=3.9,<4.0.0"
- 2022-10-25 - call "twine check" before upload
- 2022-10-25 - +## start hacking
- 2022-10-25 - fix badges
- 2022-10-25 - fix CI
- 2022-10-25 - Add .flak8 because of PyCQA/flake8#234
- 2022-10-25 - use unitests, add cookiecuttter helper add/fix tests and code style
- 2022-10-24 - change cli+tests
- 2022-10-24 - fix mypy call
- 2022-10-24 - WIP
- 2022-10-23 - chnage minimal template a little bit
- 2022-10-23 - add first cookiecutter template
- 2022-10-23 - Allow manageprojects CLI to be executable through
python -m manageprojects
. - 2022-10-22 - github actions
- 2022-10-22 - dev
- 2022-10-22 - bootstarp
- 2022-10-22 - add requirements
- 2022-10-22 - init Makefile
- 2022-10-22 - Initial commit
- Own Cookiecutter Templates: https://github.com/jedie/cookiecutter_templates
- https://github.com/cookiecutter/cookiecutter
- Available Cookiecutters template on GitHub: https://github.com/search?q=cookiecutter&type=Repositories
- Packaging Python Projects: https://packaging.python.org/en/latest/tutorials/packaging-projects/