Add Python 3.11 support

[jobovy]

Note that the latest galpy release already includes Python 3.11 wheels; this issue just tracks progress to fully changing the build/test infrastructure to Python 3.11

This PR tracks progress towards fully supporting Python 3.11 (expected Oct 3 2022). Any necessary fixes will be done separately outside of this PR, so actual Python 3.11 support can be achieved for many platforms before achieving it for all.

Current status:

• Linux works, but can't run tests dependent on JAX or numba, because they do not support Python 3.11 yet. This affects only the spherical DFs (for JAX) and the non-inertial-frame force tests
  • Test JAX-dependent code
  • Test numba-dependent code
• Mac works, at least the orbit tests that we run in the CI
• Windows untested, because Windows tests use conda in the CI and conda does not support Python 3.11 yet.
  • Run Windows tests
  • Update appveyor tests as well
• Wheels:
  • Build Python 3.11 wheels for all platforms

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Patch coverage has no change and project coverage change: -0.01 ⚠️

Comparison is base (f12e009) 99.92% compared to head (dda753f) 99.91%.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main     #503      +/-   ##
==========================================
- Coverage   99.92%   99.91%   -0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         196      196              
  Lines       28886    28886              
==========================================
- Hits        28863    28862       -1     
- Misses         23       24       +1     

see 1 file with indirect coverage changes

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