feat: add fieldoverrider

[sophiefeifeifeiya]

What type of PR is this?

/kind feature

What this PR does / why we need it:

The proposal introduces a new feature that allows users to partially override values inside JSON and YAML fields. This is achieved using JSON patch operation. This design enables users to to override the values within JSON/YAML fields partially, rather than replacing a whole JSON/YAML fields with PlaintextOverrider. Currently, PlaintextOverrider applies JSON patch operations to whole fields, rather than specific values within fields, making it unsuitable for cases where users need to override individual values within those fields.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #5330

Special notes for your reviewer:
Proposal: #5449
Related PR: #5329, #5581

Does this PR introduce a user-facing change?:

Introduced `FieldOverrider`  for overriding values in JSON and YAML.

[codecov-commenter]

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Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 41.90476% with 61 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 35.25%. Comparing base (f656d9a) to head (6bf6f30).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
pkg/util/overridemanager/overridemanager.go	55.00%	22 Missing and 14 partials ⚠️
pkg/util/validation/validation.go	0.00%	24 Missing and 1 partial ⚠️

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Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master    #5591      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   35.23%   35.25%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         645      645              
  Lines       44891    44994     +103     
==========================================
+ Hits        15817    15861      +44     
- Misses      27841    27884      +43     
- Partials     1233     1249      +16     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	35.25% <41.90%> (+0.01%)	⬆️

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[chaunceyjiang]

/assign

[Patrick0308]

LGTM

[RainbowMango]

@sophiefeifeifeiya Please rebase this PR to resolve the conflict. I just merged the API part at #5581.

[chaunceyjiang]

/cc @RainbowMango @XiShanYongYe-Chang PTAL.

[RainbowMango]

Looks awesome! Thank you @sophiefeifeifeiya for your excellent job!

[RainbowMango]

/lgtm
/approve
Thanks.

[karmada-bot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

This pull-request has been approved by: Patrick0308, RainbowMango

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