🌱 bump protobuf to v1.33.0 to address CVEs

[cahillsf]

What this PR does / why we need it:
Fixes failing security scan: https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cluster-api/actions/runs/8232410856/job/22522420297

Vulnerability #1: GO-2024-2611
    Infinite loop in JSON unmarshaling in google.golang.org/protobuf
  More info: https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2024-2611
  Module: google.golang.org/protobuf
    Found in: google.golang.org/protobuf@v1.32.0
    Fixed in: google.golang.org/protobuf@v1.33.0
    Example traces found:
Error:       #1: test/infrastructure/container/docker.go:342:14: container.dockerRuntime.ContainerDebugInfo calls fmt.Fprintln, which eventually calls json.Decoder.Peek
Error:       #2: test/infrastructure/container/docker.go:342:14: container.dockerRuntime.ContainerDebugInfo calls fmt.Fprintln, which eventually calls json.Decoder.Read
Error:       #3: test/infrastructure/container/docker.go:342:14: container.dockerRuntime.ContainerDebugInfo calls fmt.Fprintln, which eventually calls protojson.Unmarshal

/area dependency

[k8s-ci-robot]

Skipping CI for Draft Pull Request.
If you want CI signal for your change, please convert it to an actual PR.
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[sbueringer]

/lgtm
/approve

[k8s-ci-robot]

LGTM label has been added.

Git tree hash: 0726f93bca222cadbaa4d6f350226fff67e9868a

[k8s-ci-robot]

[APPROVALNOTIFIER] This PR is APPROVED

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[sbueringer]

/cherry-pick release-1.6

[k8s-infra-cherrypick-robot]

@sbueringer: once the present PR merges, I will cherry-pick it on top of release-1.6 in a new PR and assign it to you.

In response to this:

/cherry-pick release-1.6

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[sbueringer]

/cherry-pick release-1.5

[k8s-infra-cherrypick-robot]

@sbueringer: once the present PR merges, I will cherry-pick it on top of release-1.5 in a new PR and assign it to you.

In response to this:

/cherry-pick release-1.5

Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available here. If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the kubernetes/test-infra repository.

[k8s-infra-cherrypick-robot]

@sbueringer: #10248 failed to apply on top of branch "release-1.5":

Applying: bump protobuf to v1.33.0 to address CVEs
Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
M	go.mod
M	go.sum
M	hack/tools/go.mod
M	hack/tools/go.sum
M	test/go.mod
M	test/go.sum
Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge...
Auto-merging test/go.sum
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in test/go.sum
Auto-merging test/go.mod
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in test/go.mod
Auto-merging hack/tools/go.sum
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in hack/tools/go.sum
Auto-merging hack/tools/go.mod
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in hack/tools/go.mod
Auto-merging go.sum
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in go.sum
Auto-merging go.mod
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in go.mod
error: Failed to merge in the changes.
hint: Use 'git am --show-current-patch=diff' to see the failed patch
Patch failed at 0001 bump protobuf to v1.33.0 to address CVEs
When you have resolved this problem, run "git am --continue".
If you prefer to skip this patch, run "git am --skip" instead.
To restore the original branch and stop patching, run "git am --abort".

In response to this:

/cherry-pick release-1.5

Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available here. If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the kubernetes/test-infra repository.

[k8s-infra-cherrypick-robot]

@sbueringer: #10248 failed to apply on top of branch "release-1.6":

Applying: bump protobuf to v1.33.0 to address CVEs
Using index info to reconstruct a base tree...
M	go.mod
M	go.sum
M	hack/tools/go.mod
M	hack/tools/go.sum
M	test/go.mod
M	test/go.sum
Falling back to patching base and 3-way merge...
Auto-merging test/go.sum
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in test/go.sum
Auto-merging test/go.mod
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in test/go.mod
Auto-merging hack/tools/go.sum
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in hack/tools/go.sum
Auto-merging hack/tools/go.mod
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in hack/tools/go.mod
Auto-merging go.sum
Auto-merging go.mod
CONFLICT (content): Merge conflict in go.mod
error: Failed to merge in the changes.
hint: Use 'git am --show-current-patch=diff' to see the failed patch
Patch failed at 0001 bump protobuf to v1.33.0 to address CVEs
When you have resolved this problem, run "git am --continue".
If you prefer to skip this patch, run "git am --skip" instead.
To restore the original branch and stop patching, run "git am --abort".

In response to this:

/cherry-pick release-1.6

Instructions for interacting with me using PR comments are available here. If you have questions or suggestions related to my behavior, please file an issue against the kubernetes/test-infra repository.