[11.x] Add DB::build method

[stevebauman]

Description

Similar to #53411, this PR implements a new DB::build method that allows you to create new DB connections that are not defined in your configuration file.

Usage

use Illuminate\Support\Facades\DB;

$sqlite = DB::build([
    'driver' => 'sqlite',
    'database' => ':memory:',
]);

$mysql = DB::build([
    'driver' => 'mysql',
    'database' => 'forge',
    'username' => 'root',
    'password' => 'secret',
]);

$pgsql = DB::build([
    'driver' => 'pgsql',
    // ...
]);

$sqlsrv = DB::build([
    'driver' => 'sqlsrv',
    // ...
]);

[henzeb]

What is wrong with addConnection ?

[adiramardiani]

What is wrong with addConnection ?

to be honest, this feature is what I want for so long, this mechanism allow us freely change connection especially who using multi tenant or whatever

for example db_company_a.document_transactions, db_company_b.document_transactions, user who make API request to laravel who send info about (hashed) database_name, can use this method

but @stevebauman can you give the best practice to use this case, I don't know the best practice, is using middleware, trait in model, or whatever to match my case ? maybe you can make tweet thread or something about your new feature hehehe

[stevebauman]

@adiramardiani Imo this should really only be used in niche cases where you need a temporary DB connection.

For example, you could create a temporary DB connection to a SQLite file that a user uploads to your application:

$path = $request->file('database')->store();

$sqlite = DB::build([
    'driver' => 'sqlite',
    'database' => $path,
]);

$results = $sqlite->table('...')
    ->select([...])
    ->get();

Or say you have an intranet enterprise application that allows you to import data from various databases stored in your database:

use App\Models\User;
use App\Models\Database;

$database = Database::first();

$connection = DB::build([
    'driver' => $database->driver,
    'host' => $database->host,
    'port' => $database->port,
    'username' => $database->username,
    'password' => $database->password,
]);

// Sync external DB users...
$connection->table('users')->each(function ($user) {
    User::firstOrCreate([...]);
});

Or maybe you need a temporary in-memory SQLite instance for testing:

$db = DB::build([
    'driver' => 'sqlite',
    'database' => ':memory:',
]);

$db->table('...')->insert([...]);

$db->table('...')->where('...')->get();

Just some thoughts.