This repository contains the artifacts associated to the article
[DDGR20] LWE with Side Information: Attacks and Concrete Security Estimation by Dana Dachman-Soled, Léo Ducas, Huijing Gong, Mélissa Rossi https://eprint.iacr.org/2020/292.pdf
The code is written for Sage 9.0 (Python 3 Syntax).
Contributors are:
- Dana Dachman-Soled
- Huijing Gong
- Léo Ducas
- Mélissa Rossi
- Thibauld Feneuil
This project was supported through the European Union PROMETHEUS project (Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program, grant 780701).
The library itself is to be found in the framework folder.
Sec5.2_validation and Sec6_applications contain the code to reproduce our experiments.
The full-fledged implementation is called when the class of the instance is DBDD. Let us create a small LWE instance and estimate its security in bikz. The code should be run from the directories Sec5.2_validation or Sec6_applications.
ℹ️ The class
DBDDis the textbook implementation of DBDD described in [DDGR20]. The classDBDD_optimizedis a faster version of the classDBDD, combining some performance optimizations. It can be used exactly in the same way asDBDDfor larger LWE instances.
sage: load("../framework/instance_gen.sage")
....: n = 70
....: m = n
....: q = 3301
....: D_s = build_centered_binomial_law(40)
....: D_e = D_s
....: A, b, dbdd = initialize_from_LWE_instance(DBDD, n, q, m, D_e, D_s)
....: # In such parameter range, no need to integrate q-vectors
....: beta, delta = dbdd.estimate_attack() Build DBDD from LWE
n= 70 m= 70 q=3301
Attack Estimation
dim=141 δ=1.012362 β=45.40
Our full-fledged implementation contains an attack procedure that runs BKZ with iterating gradually the block size. It then compares the recovered secret with the actual one.
sage: secret = dbdd.attack() Running the Attack
Running BKZ-42 Success !
Here, the block size stopped at 42 while an average blocksize of 45.40 has been estimated. Let us now create four vectors v for making perfect hints. To simulate side information, we compute the hints with the function dbdd.leak(v).
sage: # Simulating perfect hints
....: v0 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: v1 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: v2 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: v3 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: # Computing l = <vi, s>
....: dbdd.leak(v0), dbdd.leak(v1), dbdd.leak(v2), dbdd.leak(v3)(27, -62, -45, -47)
Let us now integrate the perfect hints into our instance.
sage: # Integrate perfect hints
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_perfect_hint(v0, 27)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_perfect_hint(v1, -62)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_perfect_hint(v2, -45)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_perfect_hint(v3, -47) integrate perfect hint u0 + u1 + u7 + u8 + u9 + ... = 27 Worthy hint ! dim=140, δ=1.01252643, β=41.93
integrate perfect hint u0 + u2 + u8 + u9 + u10 + ... = -62 Worthy hint ! dim=139, δ=1.01275412, β=38.42
integrate perfect hint u0 + u1 + u3 + u4 + u7 + ... = -45 Worthy hint ! dim=138, δ=1.01293851, β=34.78
integrate perfect hint u1 + u9 + u11 + u12 + u13 + ... = -47 Worthy hint ! dim=137, δ=1.01314954, β=30.91
The cost of the lattice attack has decreased by around 14 bikz. Let us now create four vectors v for making modular hints. To simulate side information, we compute the hint with the function dbdd.leak(v) with different moduli.
sage: # Simulating modular hints
....: v0 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: v1 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: v2 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: v3 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: # Computing l = <vi, s> mod k
....: dbdd.leak(v0)%2, dbdd.leak(v1)%3, dbdd.leak(v2)%4, dbdd.leak(v3)%5(1, 1, 2, 3)
Let us now integrate the modular hints into our instance. We assume smoothness. In other words, the lattice is sparsified but the covariance matrix and average remain the same.
sage: # Integrate modular hints
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_modular_hint(v0, 1, 2, True)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_modular_hint(v1, 1, 3, True)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_modular_hint(v2, 2, 4, True)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_modular_hint(v3, 3, 5, True)integrate modular hint (smooth) u2 + u3 + u4 + ... = 1 MOD 2 Worthy hint ! dim=137, δ=1.01318729, β=30.55
integrate modular hint (smooth) u0 + u2 + u10 + ... = 1 MOD 3 Worthy hint ! dim=137, δ=1.01319931, β=29.98
integrate modular hint (smooth) u0 + u4 + u9 + ... = 2 MOD 4 Worthy hint ! dim=137, δ=1.01327415, β=29.24
integrate modular hint (smooth) u2 + u3 + u6 + ... = 3 MOD 5 Worthy hint ! dim=137, δ=1.01331577, β=28.37
As modular hints contain less information than perfect ones, especially for low modulus, the cost of the lattice attack decreased by only 3 bikz. Let us do the same for approximate hints. To simulate side information, we compute the hint with the function dbdd.leak(v) and manually change the value to represent the measurement noise.
sage: # Simulating approximate hints
....: v0 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: v1 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: v2 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: v3 = vec([randint(0, 1) for i in range(m + n)])
....: # Computing l = <vi, s> + noise
....: dbdd.leak(v0) + 2, dbdd.leak(v1) + 1, dbdd.leak(v2) - 1, dbdd.leak(v3)(-19, -29, -16, 1)
Let us now integrate the approximate hints into our instance. We assume that we want to condition the new information with the prior one and not to erase the previous distribution.
sage: # Integrate approximate hints
....: var = 10
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_approx_hint(v0, -19, var, aposteriori=False)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_approx_hint(v1, -29, var, aposteriori=False)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_approx_hint(v2, -16, var, aposteriori=False)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_approx_hint(v3, 1, var, aposteriori=False)integrate approx hint (conditionning)
u0 + u4 + u5 + u6 + u8 + ... = -19 + χ(σ²=10.000) Worthy hint ! dim=137, δ=1.01322376, β=29.74
integrate approx hint (conditionning)
u0 + u5 + u6 + u7 + u8 + ... = -29 + χ(σ²=10.000) Worthy hint ! dim=137, δ=1.01329667, β=28.56
integrate approx hint (conditionning)
u0 + u4 + u5 + u7 + u12 + ... = -16 + χ(σ²=10.000) Worthy hint ! dim=137, δ=1.01337366, β=27.24
integrate approx hint (conditionning)
u1 + u2 + u3 + u4 + u5 + ... = 1 + χ(σ²=10.000) Worthy hint ! dim=137, δ=1.01340026, β=25.77
Here, the cost of the lattice reduction attack has decreased by 3 bikz. While all the hints have been integrated, we finally estimate the security and run the attack again.
sage: beta, delta = dbdd.estimate_attack()
....: secret = dbdd.attack() Attack Estimation
dim=137 δ=1.013400 β=25.77
Running the Attack
Running BKZ-27 Success !
This time, BKZ stopped at blocksize 27 while the estimation was around 26 bikz.
The lightweight implementation is called when the class of the DBDD instance is DBDD_predict. While the heavy basis of the lattice is not stored, only its volume and dimension are stored. Let us create an LWE instance. Before estimating the cost of the lattice reduction attack in bikz, one needs to integrate the q vectors (i.e. drop some LWE samples). Then, the security is computed in bikz thanks to the volume and dimension of the lattice.
sage: load("../framework/instance_gen.sage")
....: n = 512
....: m = n
....: q = 2 ^ 15
....: D_e = {-2: 0.05, -1: 0.20, 0: 0.5, 1: 0.20, 2: 0.05}
....: D_s = D_e
....: A, b, dbdd = initialize_from_LWE_instance(DBDD_predict, n, q, m, D_e, D_s)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_q_vectors(q, report_every=20)
....: beta, delta = dbdd.estimate_attack() Build DBDD from LWE
n=512 m=512 q=32768
Integrating q-vectors
[...20] integrate short vector hint
Worthy hint ! dim=1024, δ=1.00518248, β=270.72
Attack Estimation
dim=1016 δ=1.005183 β=270.69
We now create a new LWE instance (necessary because the q vectors should always been included at the end). And, we create 4 vectors and simulate side information. Here we only integrate perfect hints.
sage: load("../framework/instance_gen.sage")
....: A, b, dbdd = initialize_from_LWE_instance(DBDD_predict, n, q, m, D_e, D_s)
....: # Simulating hints
....: v0 = vec([1 if i < m / 2 else 0 for i in range(m + n)])
....: v1 = vec([0 if i < m / 2 else 1 for i in range(m + n)])
....: v2 = vec([1 if i < m else 0 for i in range(m + n)])
....: v3 = vec([1 if i < m / 4 else 0 for i in range(m + n)])
....: # Computing l = <vi, s>
....: dbdd.leak(v0), dbdd.leak(v1), dbdd.leak(v2), dbdd.leak(v3) Build DBDD from LWE
n=512 m=512 q=32768
(33, 9, 56, 12)
The hints must be now integrated and we assess the lattice reduction cost. Due to the shape of our vectors, new short vector hints must be integrated.
sage: # Integrate hints
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_perfect_hint(v0, 33)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_perfect_hint(v1, 9)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_perfect_hint(v2, 56)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_perfect_hint(v3, 12)
....: M = q * identity_matrix(n + m)
....: V = vec(M[0] - M[1])
....: i = 0
....: while dbdd.integrate_short_vector_hint(V):
....: i += 1
....: V = vec(M[i] - M[i + 1])
....: beta, delta = dbdd.estimate_attack()integrate perfect hint u0 + u1 + u2 + u3 + u4 + ... = 33 Worthy hint ! dim=1024, δ=1.00519338, β=269.83
integrate perfect hint u256 + u257 + u258 + u259 ... = 9 Worthy hint ! dim=1023, δ=1.00520492, β=268.91
integrate perfect hint u0 + u1 + u2 + u3 + u4 + ... = 56 Worthy hint ! dim=1022, δ=1.00521752, β=268.03
integrate perfect hint u0 + u1 + u2 + u3 + u4 + ... = 12 Worthy hint ! dim=1021, δ=1.00522793, β=267.19
integrate short vector hint 32768*c0 - 32768*c1 ∈ Λ Not sure if in Λ, Unworthy hint, Rejected.
Attack Estimation
dim=1021 δ=1.005228 β=267.19
Here, with 4 perfect hints, the cost of the lattice reduction attack has decreased by around 3 bikz. The blocksize may be actually below 267.19 as there may be residual short vector hints.
The super lightweight implementation is called when the class of the instance is DBDD_predict_diag. Here, we assume that the covariance matrix is always diagonal. Let us create an LWE instance. We integrate the q vectors (i.e. drop some LWE samples) and compute the security in bikz.
sage: load("../framework/instance_gen.sage")
....: n = 512
....: m = n
....: q = 2 ^ 15
....: D_e = {-2: 0.05, -1: 0.20, 0: 0.5, 1: 0.20, 2: 0.05}
....: D_s = D_e
....: A, b, dbdd = initialize_from_LWE_instance(DBDD_predict_diag, n, q, m, D_e, D_s)
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_q_vectors(q, report_every=20)
....: beta, delta = dbdd.estimate_attack() Build DBDD from LWE
n=512 m=512 q=32768
Integrating q-vectors
[...20] integrate short vector hint Worthy hint ! dim=1024, δ=1.00518248, β=270.72
Attack Estimation
dim=1016 δ=1.005183 β=270.69
We create 20 canonical (necessary to keep the covariance matrix diagonal) vectors for integrating perfect hints.
sage: A, b, dbdd = initialize_from_LWE_instance(DBDD_predict_diag, n, q, m, D_e, D_s)
....: # Simulating hints
....: v = [[] for _ in range(20)]
....: for i in range(20):
....: v[i] = canonical_vec(m + n, i) Build DBDD from LWE
n=512 m=512 q=32768
The perfect hints are integrated into a new instance and the security is estimated.
sage: # Integrate hints
....: for i in range(20):
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_perfect_hint(v[i], dbdd.leak(v[i]))
....: _ = dbdd.integrate_q_vectors(q, report_every=20)
....: beta, delta = dbdd.estimate_attack()integrate perfect hint u0 = -2 Worthy hint ! dim=1024, δ=1.00519245, β=270.02
integrate perfect hint u1 = -1 Worthy hint ! dim=1023, δ=1.00520080, β=269.31
integrate perfect hint u2 = 1 Worthy hint ! dim=1022, δ=1.00520918, β=268.61
integrate perfect hint u3 = 0 Worthy hint ! dim=1021, δ=1.00521757, β=267.91
integrate perfect hint u4 = 1 Worthy hint ! dim=1020, δ=1.00522774, β=267.21
integrate perfect hint u5 = 1 Worthy hint ! dim=1019, δ=1.00523618, β=266.51
integrate perfect hint u6 = 0 Worthy hint ! dim=1018, δ=1.00524465, β=265.81
integrate perfect hint u7 = -2 Worthy hint ! dim=1017, δ=1.00525490, β=265.11
integrate perfect hint u8 = 0 Worthy hint ! dim=1016, δ=1.00526341, β=264.41
integrate perfect hint u9 = 0 Worthy hint ! dim=1015, δ=1.00527195, β=263.71
integrate perfect hint u10 = 2 Worthy hint ! dim=1014, δ=1.00528229, β=263.01
integrate perfect hint u11 = 0 Worthy hint ! dim=1013, δ=1.00529087, β=262.32
integrate perfect hint u12 = 0 Worthy hint ! dim=1012, δ=1.00529947, β=261.62
integrate perfect hint u13 = 2 Worthy hint ! dim=1011, δ=1.00530810, β=260.93
integrate perfect hint u14 = 0 Worthy hint ! dim=1010, δ=1.00531856, β=260.23
integrate perfect hint u15 = 2 Worthy hint ! dim=1009, δ=1.00532723, β=259.54
integrate perfect hint u16 = 1 Worthy hint ! dim=1008, δ=1.00533593, β=258.85
integrate perfect hint u17 = 0 Worthy hint ! dim=1007, δ=1.00534647, β=258.16
integrate perfect hint u18 = -1 Worthy hint ! dim=1006, δ=1.00535522, β=257.46
integrate perfect hint u19 = 1 Worthy hint ! dim=1005, δ=1.00536399, β=256.77
Integrating q-vectors
[...20] integrate short vector hint 32768*c1023 ∈ Λ Worthy hint ! dim=1004, δ=1.00536426, β=256.76
[...20] integrate short vector hint 32768*c1003 ∈ Λ Worthy hint ! dim=984, δ=1.00536755, β=256.54
Attack Estimation
dim=979 δ=1.005368 β=256.53
The integration of 20 perfect hints implies here a loss of 13 bikz.
