lmittmann · lmittmann · Aug 22, 2024 · Aug 12, 2024 · Aug 12, 2024 · Aug 12, 2024
diff --git a/.github/dependabot.yml b/.github/dependabot.yml
@@ -4,10 +4,6 @@ updates:
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "daily"
-  - package-ecosystem: "gomod"
-    directory: "/examples"
-    schedule:
-      interval: "daily"
   - package-ecosystem: "npm"
     directory: "/docs"
     schedule:

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ defer client.Close()
 
 // 2. Make a batch request
 var (
-    balance big.Int
+    balance *big.Int
     nonce   uint64
 )
 if err := client.Call(
@@ -168,47 +168,47 @@ List of supported RPC methods for [`w3.Client`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/lm
 
 | Method                                    | Go Code
 | :---------------------------------------- | :-------
-| `eth_blockNumber`                         | `eth.BlockNumber().Returns(blockNumber *big.Int)`
+| `eth_blockNumber`                         | `eth.BlockNumber().Returns(blockNumber **big.Int)`
 | `eth_call`                                | `eth.Call(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, overrides w3types.State).Returns(output *[]byte)`<br>`eth.CallFunc(contract common.Address, f w3types.Func, args ...any).Returns(returns ...any)`
 | `eth_chainId`                             | `eth.ChainID().Returns(chainID *uint64)`
-| `eth_createAccessList`                    | `eth.AccessList(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(resp *eth.AccessListResponse)`
+| `eth_createAccessList`                    | `eth.AccessList(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(resp **eth.AccessListResponse)`
 | `eth_estimateGas`                         | `eth.EstimateGas(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(gas *uint64)`
-| `eth_gasPrice`                            | `eth.GasPrice().Returns(gasPrice *big.Int)`
-| `eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas`                | `eth.GasTipCap().Returns(gasTipCap *big.Int)`
-| `eth_getBalance`                          | `eth.Balance(addr common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(balance *big.Int)`
-| `eth_getBlockByHash`                      | `eth.BlockByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(block *types.Block)`<br>`eth.HeaderByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(header *types.Header)`
-| `eth_getBlockByNumber`                    | `eth.BlockByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(block *types.Block)`<br>`eth.HeaderByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(header *types.Header)`
+| `eth_gasPrice`                            | `eth.GasPrice().Returns(gasPrice **big.Int)`
+| `eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas`                | `eth.GasTipCap().Returns(gasTipCap **big.Int)`
+| `eth_getBalance`                          | `eth.Balance(addr common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(balance **big.Int)`
+| `eth_getBlockByHash`                      | `eth.BlockByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(block *types.Block)`<br>`eth.HeaderByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(header **types.Header)`
+| `eth_getBlockByNumber`                    | `eth.BlockByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(block *types.Block)`<br>`eth.HeaderByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(header **types.Header)`
 | `eth_getBlockReceipts`                    | `eth.BlockReceipts(blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(receipts *types.Receipts)`
 | `eth_getBlockTransactionCountByHash`      | `eth.BlockTxCountByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(count *uint)`
 | `eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber`    | `eth.BlockTxCountByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(count *uint)`
 | `eth_getCode`                             | `eth.Code(addr common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(code *[]byte)`
 | `eth_getLogs`                             | `eth.Logs(q ethereum.FilterQuery).Returns(logs *[]types.Log)`
 | `eth_getStorageAt`                        | `eth.StorageAt(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(storage *common.Hash)`
-| `eth_getTransactionByHash`                | `eth.Tx(hash common.Hash).Returns(tx *types.Transaction)`
-| `eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex`   | `eth.TxByBlockHashAndIndex(blockHash common.Hash, index uint).Returns(tx *types.Transaction)`
-| `eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex` | `eth.TxByBlockNumberAndIndex(blockNumber *big.Int, index uint).Returns(tx *types.Transaction)`
+| `eth_getTransactionByHash`                | `eth.Tx(hash common.Hash).Returns(tx **types.Transaction)`
+| `eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex`   | `eth.TxByBlockHashAndIndex(blockHash common.Hash, index uint).Returns(tx **types.Transaction)`
+| `eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex` | `eth.TxByBlockNumberAndIndex(blockNumber *big.Int, index uint).Returns(tx **types.Transaction)`
 | `eth_getTransactionCount`                 | `eth.Nonce(addr common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(nonce *uint)`
-| `eth_getTransactionReceipt`               | `eth.TxReceipt(txHash common.Hash).Returns(receipt *types.Receipt)`
+| `eth_getTransactionReceipt`               | `eth.TxReceipt(txHash common.Hash).Returns(receipt **types.Receipt)`
 | `eth_sendRawTransaction`                  | `eth.SendRawTx(rawTx []byte).Returns(hash *common.Hash)`<br>`eth.SendTx(tx *types.Transaction).Returns(hash *common.Hash)`
-| `eth_getUncleByBlockHashAndIndex`         | `eth.UncleByBlockHashAndIndex(hash common.Hash, index uint).Returns(uncle *types.Header)`
-| `eth_getUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex`       | `eth.UncleByBlockNumberAndIndex(number *big.Int, index uint).Returns(uncle *types.Header)`
+| `eth_getUncleByBlockHashAndIndex`         | `eth.UncleByBlockHashAndIndex(hash common.Hash, index uint).Returns(uncle **types.Header)`
+| `eth_getUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex`       | `eth.UncleByBlockNumberAndIndex(number *big.Int, index uint).Returns(uncle **types.Header)`
 | `eth_getUncleCountByBlockHash`            | `eth.UncleCountByBlockHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(count *uint)`
 | `eth_getUncleCountByBlockNumber`          | `eth.UncleCountByBlockNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(count *uint)`
 
 ### [`debug`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/lmittmann/w3/module/debug)
 
 | Method                   | Go Code
 | :----------------------- | :-------
-| `debug_traceCall`        | `debug.TraceCall(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, config *debug.TraceConfig).Returns(trace *debug.Trace)`<br>`debug.CallTraceCall(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, overrides w3types.State).Returns(trace *debug.CallTrace)`
-| `debug_traceTransaction` | `debug.TraceTx(txHash common.Hash, config *debug.TraceConfig).Returns(trace *debug.Trace)`<br>`debug.CallTraceTx(txHash common.Hash, overrides w3types.State).Returns(trace *debug.CallTrace)`
+| `debug_traceCall`        | `debug.TraceCall(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, config *debug.TraceConfig).Returns(trace **debug.Trace)`<br>`debug.CallTraceCall(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, overrides w3types.State).Returns(trace **debug.CallTrace)`
+| `debug_traceTransaction` | `debug.TraceTx(txHash common.Hash, config *debug.TraceConfig).Returns(trace **debug.Trace)`<br>`debug.CallTraceTx(txHash common.Hash, overrides w3types.State).Returns(trace **debug.CallTrace)`
 
 ### [`txpool`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/lmittmann/w3/module/txpool)
 
 | Method               | Go Code
 | :--------------------| :-------
-| `txpool_content`     | `txpool.Content().Returns(resp *txpool.ContentResponse)`
-| `txpool_contentFrom` | `txpool.ContentFrom(addr common.Address).Returns(resp *txpool.ContentFromResponse)`
-| `txpool_status`      | `txpool.Status().Returns(resp *txpool.StatusResponse)`
+| `txpool_content`     | `txpool.Content().Returns(resp **txpool.ContentResponse)`
+| `txpool_contentFrom` | `txpool.ContentFrom(addr common.Address).Returns(resp **txpool.ContentFromResponse)`
+| `txpool_status`      | `txpool.Status().Returns(resp **txpool.StatusResponse)`
 
 ### [`web3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/lmittmann/w3/module/web3)
 

diff --git a/client_test.go b/client_test.go
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func ExampleClient() {
 
 	// 2. Make a batch request
 	var (
-		balance big.Int
+		balance *big.Int
 		nonce   uint64
 	)
 	if err := client.Call(
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ func ExampleClient() {
 		// handle error
 	}
 
-	fmt.Printf("balance: %s\nnonce: %d\n", w3.FromWei(&balance, 18), nonce)
+	fmt.Printf("balance: %s\nnonce: %d\n", w3.FromWei(balance, 18), nonce)
 }
 
 func ExampleClient_Call_balanceOf() {
@@ -76,8 +76,8 @@ func ExampleClient_Call_balanceOf() {
 		balanceOf = w3.MustNewFunc("balanceOf(address)", "uint256")
 
 		// Declare variables for the RPC responses.
-		ethBalance   big.Int
-		weth9Balance big.Int
+		ethBalance   *big.Int
+		weth9Balance *big.Int
 	)
 
 	// Do batch request (both RPC requests are send in the same
@@ -91,7 +91,7 @@ func ExampleClient_Call_balanceOf() {
 	}
 
 	fmt.Printf("Combined balance: %v wei",
-		new(big.Int).Add(&ethBalance, &weth9Balance),
+		new(big.Int).Add(ethBalance, weth9Balance),
 	)
 }
 
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ func ExampleClient_Call_nonceAndBalance() {
 		addr = w3.A("0x000000000000000000000000000000000000c0Fe")
 
 		nonce   uint64
-		balance big.Int
+		balance *big.Int
 	)
 
 	if err := client.Call(
@@ -114,7 +114,7 @@ func ExampleClient_Call_nonceAndBalance() {
 		return
 	}
 
-	fmt.Printf("%s: Nonce: %d, Balance: ♦%s\n", addr, nonce, w3.FromWei(&balance, 18))
+	fmt.Printf("%s: Nonce: %d, Balance: ♦%s\n", addr, nonce, w3.FromWei(balance, 18))
 }
 
 func ExampleClient_Call_sendERC20transferTx() {
@@ -329,21 +329,6 @@ func (c *testCaller) HandleResponse(elem rpc.BatchElem) (err error) {
 	return c.ReturnErr
 }
 
-func TestClientCall_NilReference(t *testing.T) {
-	client := w3.MustDial("https://rpc.ankr.com/eth")
-	defer client.Close()
-
-	var block *types.Block
-	err := client.Call(
-		eth.BlockByNumber(nil).Returns(block),
-	)
-
-	want := "w3: cannot return Go value of type *types.Block: value must be passed as a non-nil pointer reference"
-	if diff := cmp.Diff(want, err.Error()); diff != "" {
-		t.Fatalf("(-want, +got)\n%s", diff)
-	}
-}
-
 func BenchmarkCall_BalanceNonce(b *testing.B) {
 	if *benchRPC == "" {
 		b.Skipf("Missing -benchRPC")
@@ -360,7 +345,7 @@ func BenchmarkCall_BalanceNonce(b *testing.B) {
 	b.Run("Batch", func(b *testing.B) {
 		var (
 			nonce   uint64
-			balance big.Int
+			balance *big.Int
 		)
 		for range b.N {
 			w3Client.Call(
@@ -395,7 +380,7 @@ func BenchmarkCall_Balance100(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 
 	b.Run("Batch", func(b *testing.B) {
-		var balance big.Int
+		var balance *big.Int
 		for range b.N {
 			requests := make([]w3types.RPCCaller, len(addr100))
 			for j := range len(requests) {
@@ -477,7 +462,7 @@ func BenchmarkCall_Block100(b *testing.B) {
 	}
 
 	b.Run("Batch", func(b *testing.B) {
-		var block types.Block
+		var block *types.Block
 		for range b.N {
 			requests := make([]w3types.RPCCaller, len(block100))
 			for j := range len(requests) {

diff --git a/docs/pages/index.mdx b/docs/pages/index.mdx
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ defer client.Close()
 
 // 2. Make a batch request
 var (
-    balance big.Int
+    balance *big.Int
     nonce   uint64
 )
 if err := client.Call(
@@ -188,47 +188,47 @@ List of supported RPC methods for [`w3.Client`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/lm
 
 | Method                                    | Go Code
 | :---------------------------------------- | :-------
-| `eth_blockNumber`                         | `eth.BlockNumber().Returns(blockNumber *big.Int)`
+| `eth_blockNumber`                         | `eth.BlockNumber().Returns(blockNumber **big.Int)`
 | `eth_call`                                | `eth.Call(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, overrides w3types.State).Returns(output *[]byte)`<br/>`eth.CallFunc(contract common.Address, f w3types.Func, args ...any).Returns(returns ...any)`
 | `eth_chainId`                             | `eth.ChainID().Returns(chainID *uint64)`
-| `eth_createAccessList`                    | `eth.AccessList(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(resp *eth.AccessListResponse)`
+| `eth_createAccessList`                    | `eth.AccessList(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(resp **eth.AccessListResponse)`
 | `eth_estimateGas`                         | `eth.EstimateGas(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(gas *uint64)`
-| `eth_gasPrice`                            | `eth.GasPrice().Returns(gasPrice *big.Int)`
-| `eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas`                | `eth.GasTipCap().Returns(gasTipCap *big.Int)`
-| `eth_getBalance`                          | `eth.Balance(addr common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(balance *big.Int)`
-| `eth_getBlockByHash`                      | `eth.BlockByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(block *types.Block)`<br/>`eth.HeaderByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(header *types.Header)`
-| `eth_getBlockByNumber`                    | `eth.BlockByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(block *types.Block)`<br/>`eth.HeaderByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(header *types.Header)`
+| `eth_gasPrice`                            | `eth.GasPrice().Returns(gasPrice **big.Int)`
+| `eth_maxPriorityFeePerGas`                | `eth.GasTipCap().Returns(gasTipCap **big.Int)`
+| `eth_getBalance`                          | `eth.Balance(addr common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(balance **big.Int)`
+| `eth_getBlockByHash`                      | `eth.BlockByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(block *types.Block)`<br/>`eth.HeaderByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(header **types.Header)`
+| `eth_getBlockByNumber`                    | `eth.BlockByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(block *types.Block)`<br/>`eth.HeaderByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(header **types.Header)`
 | `eth_getBlockReceipts`                    | `eth.BlockReceipts(blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(receipts *types.Receipts)`
 | `eth_getBlockTransactionCountByHash`      | `eth.BlockTxCountByHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(count *uint)`
 | `eth_getBlockTransactionCountByNumber`    | `eth.BlockTxCountByNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(count *uint)`
 | `eth_getCode`                             | `eth.Code(addr common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(code *[]byte)`
 | `eth_getLogs`                             | `eth.Logs(q ethereum.FilterQuery).Returns(logs *[]types.Log)`
 | `eth_getStorageAt`                        | `eth.StorageAt(addr common.Address, slot common.Hash, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(storage *common.Hash)`
-| `eth_getTransactionByHash`                | `eth.Tx(hash common.Hash).Returns(tx *types.Transaction)`
-| `eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex`   | `eth.TxByBlockHashAndIndex(blockHash common.Hash, index uint).Returns(tx *types.Transaction)`
-| `eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex` | `eth.TxByBlockNumberAndIndex(blockNumber *big.Int, index uint).Returns(tx *types.Transaction)`
+| `eth_getTransactionByHash`                | `eth.Tx(hash common.Hash).Returns(tx **types.Transaction)`
+| `eth_getTransactionByBlockHashAndIndex`   | `eth.TxByBlockHashAndIndex(blockHash common.Hash, index uint).Returns(tx **types.Transaction)`
+| `eth_getTransactionByBlockNumberAndIndex` | `eth.TxByBlockNumberAndIndex(blockNumber *big.Int, index uint).Returns(tx **types.Transaction)`
 | `eth_getTransactionCount`                 | `eth.Nonce(addr common.Address, blockNumber *big.Int).Returns(nonce *uint)`
-| `eth_getTransactionReceipt`               | `eth.TxReceipt(txHash common.Hash).Returns(receipt *types.Receipt)`
+| `eth_getTransactionReceipt`               | `eth.TxReceipt(txHash common.Hash).Returns(receipt **types.Receipt)`
 | `eth_sendRawTransaction`                  | `eth.SendRawTx(rawTx []byte).Returns(hash *common.Hash)`<br/>`eth.SendTx(tx *types.Transaction).Returns(hash *common.Hash)`
-| `eth_getUncleByBlockHashAndIndex`         | `eth.UncleByBlockHashAndIndex(hash common.Hash, index uint).Returns(uncle *types.Header)`
-| `eth_getUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex`       | `eth.UncleByBlockNumberAndIndex(number *big.Int, index uint).Returns(uncle *types.Header)`
+| `eth_getUncleByBlockHashAndIndex`         | `eth.UncleByBlockHashAndIndex(hash common.Hash, index uint).Returns(uncle **types.Header)`
+| `eth_getUncleByBlockNumberAndIndex`       | `eth.UncleByBlockNumberAndIndex(number *big.Int, index uint).Returns(uncle **types.Header)`
 | `eth_getUncleCountByBlockHash`            | `eth.UncleCountByBlockHash(hash common.Hash).Returns(count *uint)`
 | `eth_getUncleCountByBlockNumber`          | `eth.UncleCountByBlockNumber(number *big.Int).Returns(count *uint)`
 
 ### [`debug`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/lmittmann/w3/module/debug)
 
 | Method                   | Go Code
 | :----------------------- | :-------
-| `debug_traceCall`        | `debug.TraceCall(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, config *debug.TraceConfig).Returns(trace *debug.Trace)`<br/>`debug.CallTraceCall(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, overrides w3types.State).Returns(trace *debug.CallTrace)`
-| `debug_traceTransaction` | `debug.TraceTx(txHash common.Hash, config *debug.TraceConfig).Returns(trace *debug.Trace)`<br/>`debug.CallTraceTx(txHash common.Hash, overrides w3types.State).Returns(trace *debug.CallTrace)`
+| `debug_traceCall`        | `debug.TraceCall(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, config *debug.TraceConfig).Returns(trace **debug.Trace)`<br/>`debug.CallTraceCall(msg *w3types.Message, blockNumber *big.Int, overrides w3types.State).Returns(trace **debug.CallTrace)`
+| `debug_traceTransaction` | `debug.TraceTx(txHash common.Hash, config *debug.TraceConfig).Returns(trace **debug.Trace)`<br/>`debug.CallTraceTx(txHash common.Hash, overrides w3types.State).Returns(trace **debug.CallTrace)`
 
 ### [`txpool`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/lmittmann/w3/module/txpool)
 
 | Method               | Go Code
 | :--------------------| :-------
-| `txpool_content`     | `txpool.Content().Returns(resp *txpool.ContentResponse)`
-| `txpool_contentFrom` | `txpool.ContentFrom(addr common.Address).Returns(resp *txpool.ContentFromResponse)`
-| `txpool_status`      | `txpool.Status().Returns(resp *txpool.StatusResponse)`
+| `txpool_content`     | `txpool.Content().Returns(resp **txpool.ContentResponse)`
+| `txpool_contentFrom` | `txpool.ContentFrom(addr common.Address).Returns(resp **txpool.ContentFromResponse)`
+| `txpool_status`      | `txpool.Status().Returns(resp **txpool.StatusResponse)`
 
 ### [`web3`](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/lmittmann/w3/module/web3)
 

diff --git a/examples/scan_blocks/main.go b/examples/scan_blocks/main.go
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
-scan_blocks interates over blocks with their transactions from a given start block.
+scan_blocks iterates over blocks with their transactions from a given start block.
 
 Usage:
 
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ func main() {
 	// parse flags
 	flag.Uint64Var(&startBlock, "start", 10_000_000, "Start block")
 	flag.Usage = func() {
-		fmt.Println("scan_blocks interates over blocks with their transactions from a given start block.")
+		fmt.Println("scan_blocks iterates over blocks with their transactions from a given start block.")
 		flag.PrintDefaults()
 	}
 	flag.Parse()
@@ -48,7 +48,7 @@ func main() {
 
 	// fetch blocks in bulk
 	calls := make([]w3types.RPCCaller, bulkSize)
-	blocks := make([]types.Block, bulkSize)
+	blocks := make([]*types.Block, bulkSize)
 
 	for i, txCount := 0, 0; ; i++ {
 		j := i % bulkSize
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ func main() {
 
 			for _, block := range blocks {
 				txCount += len(block.Transactions())
-				processBlock(&block)
+				processBlock(block)
 			}
 			fmt.Printf("\rFetched %d blocks with a total of %d transactions", i+1, txCount)
 		}

diff --git a/internal/module/factory.go b/internal/module/factory.go
@@ -91,9 +91,10 @@ func WithRetWrapper[T any](fn RetWrapperFunc[T]) Option[T] {
 	}
 }
 
-var (
-	HexBigRetWrapper    RetWrapperFunc[big.Int] = func(ret *big.Int) any { return (*hexutil.Big)(ret) }
-	HexUintRetWrapper   RetWrapperFunc[uint]    = func(ret *uint) any { return (*hexutil.Uint)(ret) }
-	HexUint64RetWrapper RetWrapperFunc[uint64]  = func(ret *uint64) any { return (*hexutil.Uint64)(ret) }
-	HexBytesRetWrapper  RetWrapperFunc[[]byte]  = func(ret *[]byte) any { return (*hexutil.Bytes)(ret) }
-)
+func HexBigRetWrapper(ret **big.Int) any {
+	*ret = new(big.Int)
+	return (*hexutil.Big)(*ret)
+}
+func HexUintRetWrapper(ret *uint) any     { return (*hexutil.Uint)(ret) }
+func HexUint64RetWrapper(ret *uint64) any { return (*hexutil.Uint64)(ret) }
+func HexBytesRetWrapper(ret *[]byte) any  { return (*hexutil.Bytes)(ret) }