📱🦙 MobiLlama: Towards Accurate and Lightweight Fully Transparent GPT

Omkar Thawakar, Ashmal Vayani, Salman Khan, Hisham Cholakkal, Rao Muhammad Anwer, Michael Felsberg, Timothy Baldwin, Eric Xing and Fahad Khan

Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE and Linköping University, Sweden

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📢 Latest Updates

• Feb-26-24- Arxiv Preprint is released!
• Feb-25-24- Code (Training and Evaluation scripts) is released!
• Feb-25-24- Final pre-trained models (including intermediate checkpoints) and chat version along with online demo links released!

Overview

Bigger the better has been the predominant trend in recent Large Language Models (LLMs) development. However, LLMs do not suit well for scenarios that require on-device processing, energy efficiency, low memory footprint, and response efficiency. These requisites are crucial for privacy, security, and sustainable deployment. This paper explores the less is more paradigm by addressing the challenge of designing accurate yet efficient Small Language Models (SLMs) for resource constrained devices. Our primary contribution is the introduction of an accurate and fully transparent open-source 0.5 billion (0.5B) parameter SLM, named MobiLlama, catering to the specific needs of resource-constrained computing with an emphasis on enhanced performance with reduced resource demands. MobiLlama is a SLM design that initiates from a larger model and applies a careful parameter sharing scheme to reduce both the pre-training and the deployment cost.

⚡ Model Download

Model Name	Link Download
MobiLlama-05B	HuggingFace
MobiLlama-08B	HuggingFace
MobiLlama-1B	HuggingFace
MobiLlama-05B-Chat	HuggingFace
MobiLlama-1B-Chat	HuggingFace

Generation with MobiLlama

Model Description

• Model type: Language model designed using the architecture of LLaMA-7B
• Language(s) (NLP): English
• License: Apache 2.0
• Resources for more information:
  • Training Code
  • Data Preparation
  • Metrics
  • Fully processed Amber pretraining data

Loading MobiLlama

from transformers import AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("MBZUAI/MobiLlama-05B", trust_remote_code=True)
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("MBZUAI/MobiLlama-05B", trust_remote_code=True)

model.to('cuda')
text = "I was walking towards the river when "
input_ids = tokenizer(text, return_tensors="pt").to('cuda').input_ids
outputs = model.generate(input_ids, max_length=1000, repetition_penalty=1.2, pad_token_id=tokenizer.eos_token_id)
print(tokenizer.batch_decode(outputs[:, input_ids.shape[1]:-1])[0].strip())

Load intermediate Checkpoints

model = AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained("MBZUAI/MobiLlama-05B", revision="ckpt_352", trust_remote_code=True)

All the intermediate checkpoints are available from ckpt_100 to ckpt_358.

Dataset

Download the preprocessed Amber data from huggingface. The entire training data has 360 chunks totalling the size of ~8 TB. Amber dataset contains total 1.2 Trillion tokens with gathered from different data sources shown below.

Subset	Tokens (Billion)
Arxiv	30.00
Book	28.86
C4	197.67
Refined-Web	665.01
StarCoder	291.92
StackExchange	21.75
Wikipedia	23.90
Total	1259.13

Installation

First install PyTorch according to the instructions specific to your operating system.

To install from source (recommended for training/fine-tuning) run:

conda create -n mobillama python=3.10
conda activate mibillama
git clone https://github.com/mbzuai-oryx/MobiLlama.git
cd MobiLlama
pip install -r  requirements.txt

pretrain

For MobiLlama (using 20 nodes of A100 80GB GPUS)

sbatch pretrain.sh

For large-base use main_largebase.py in L:11 of pretrain.sh

🔎 Evaluation

We used Analysis-360 to evaluate our model on different llm benchmarks.

📊 Results

Model Name	#Params	HellaSwag	Truthfulqa	MMLU	Arc_C	CrowsPairs	piqa	race	siqa	winogrande	Average
gpt-neo-125m	0.15B	30.26	45.58	25.97	22.95	61.55	62.46	27.56	40.33	51.78	40.93
tiny-starcoder	0.17B	28.17	47.68	26.79	20.99	49.68	52.55	25.45	38.28	51.22	37.86
cerebras-gpt-256m	0.26B	28.99	45.98	26.83	22.01	60.52	61.42	27.46	40.53	52.49	40.69
opt-350m	0.35B	36.73	40.83	26.02	23.55	64.12	64.74	29.85	41.55	52.64	42.22
megatron-gpt2-345m	0.38B	39.18	41.51	24.32	24.23	64.82	66.87	31.19	40.28	52.96	42.81
LiteLlama	0.46B	38.47	41.59	26.17	24.91	62.90	67.73	28.42	40.27	49.88	42.26
gpt-sw3-356m	0.47B	37.05	42.55	25.93	23.63	61.59	64.85	32.15	41.56	53.04	42.48
pythia-410m	0.51B	40.85	41.22	27.25	26.19	64.20	67.19	30.71	41.40	53.12	43.57
xglm-564m	0.56B	34.64	40.43	25.18	24.57	62.25	64.85	29.28	42.68	53.03	41.87
Lamini-GPT-LM	0.59B	31.55	40.72	25.53	24.23	63.09	63.87	29.95	40.78	47.75	40.83
MobiLlama (Ours)	0.5B	52.52	38.05	26.45	29.52	64.03	72.03	33.68	40.22	57.53	46.00
Lamini-GPT-LM	0.77B	43.83	40.25	26.24	27.55	66.12	69.31	37.12	42.47	56.59	45.49
MobiLlama (Ours)	0.8B	54.09	38.48	26.92	30.20	64.82	73.17	33.37	41.60	57.45	46.67

The table provides a comparative analysis of various models, including our MobiLlama, across several LLM benchmarks. It highlights MobiLlama's superior performance, particularly in its 0.5B and 0.8B configurations, showcasing its efficiency and effectiveness in processing complex language tasks. This comparison underscores MobiLlama's advancements in achieving higher accuracy and demonstrates its potential as a leading solution in the field of LLM.

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Model	#Params	HellaSwag	Truthfulqa	MMLU	Arc_C	CrowsPairs	piqa	race	siqa	winogrande	Average
Boomer	1B	31.62	39.42	25.42	22.26	61.26	57.99	28.99	40.32	50.98	39.80
Pythia-Dedup	1B	49.63	38.92	24.29	29.09	67.11	70.23	32.44	42.63	53.98	45.36
Falcon-RW	1B	63.12	35.96	25.36	35.06	69.04	74.10	36.07	40.23	61.88	48.98
TinyLlama	1.1B	60.22	37.59	26.11	33.61	70.60	73.28	36.45	41.65	59.18	48.74
OLMo	1.2B	62.50	32.94	25.86	34.45	69.59	73.70	36.74	41.14	58.90	48.42
Cerebras-GPT	1.3B	38.51	42.70	26.66	26.10	63.67	66.75	30.33	42.42	53.59	43.41
Lamini	1.3B	38.05	36.43	28.47	26.62	64.62	67.89	33.39	43.19	50.59	43.25
OPT	1.3B	54.50	38.67	24.63	29.60	70.70	72.47	34.16	42.47	59.74	47.43
GPT-NEO	1.3B	48.49	39.61	24.82	31.31	65.67	71.05	34.06	41.81	57.06	45.98
Pythia-Deduped	1.4B	55.00	38.63	25.45	32.59	67.33	72.68	34.64	42.68	56.90	47.32
large-base	1.2B	62.99	35.90	24.79	34.55	68.49	75.57	35.31	41.96	62.03	49.06

Comprehensive comparisons with existing < 2B params fully open-source LLM models on 9 benchmarks. Our 1.2B "large-base" model pre-trained on 1.2T tokens achieves superior performance compared to both the recent OLMo 1.17B model and TinyLlama 1.1B model, which are pre-trained on a substantially larger data of 3T tokens.

📱 MobiLlama on Android

To run our model on an android app, please download and install the APK from here.

🙏 Acknowledgements

• We thank LLM-360 for fully transparent and open-source implementation of their language model. MobiLlama repo is built using LLM-360.

📜 Citation

@misc{thawakar2024mobillama,
      title={MobiLlama: Towards Accurate and Lightweight Fully Transparent GPT}, 
      author={Omkar Thawakar and Ashmal Vayani and Salman Khan and Hisham Cholakkal and Rao Muhammad Anwer and Michael Felsberg and Timothy Baldwin and Eric P. Xing and Fahad Shahbaz Khan},
      year={2024},
      eprint={2402.16840},
      archivePrefix={arXiv},
      primaryClass={cs.CL}
}