python: add limited_api kwarg to find_installation()
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To support libraries that target the Python Limited API but are not themselves Python extensions, we add a `limited_api` kwarg to find_installation. This follows the example of the `pure` kwarg.
`python_dependency` objects now hold a `limited_api` value and accept it as a kwarg in `python_installation.dependency()`. By default, the value is inherited from the `python_installation` but can be overridden. If `limited_api` is set, the appropriate `-DPy_LIMITED_API` hex define is propagated to compile targets.
…i` value internally via the dependency Now that dependencies can propagate the `limited_api` define to targets, let the `extension_module`'s internal dependency handle that. From the user's point of view, nothing about the API has changed, except that if `find_installation(limited_api: ...)` was used, then `extension_module` will now inherit that value by default (but can override it).
…pendency` Check that extension_modules and dependencies inherit the installation's limited_api value by default but can override it. Also test the end-to-end case of compiling a library and linking it with an extension, both compiled against the Limited API. This is similar to how nanobind is used.
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As discussed in #13824.
To recap: we'd like libraries (like nanobind) to be able to target the Python Limited API in addition to extensions. Basically, we'd like this to work:
Right now, this isn't possible because
limited_apiis only an arg toextension_module. This PR makes it an arg tofind_installationanddependency, too. If theextension_moduleordependencyvalue isn't specified, it is inherited fromfind_installationby default. Making it an arg todependencyisn't strictly necessary, but it does make it symmetrical withextension_module.Before I update the documentation, I wanted to open the PR to get feedback and make sure CI is passing.