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aliases: 像集 | ||
created: 20240905111010044 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240905111543871 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: 集合 | ||
title: 值域 | ||
tmap.id: 7a1f42af-2875-499a-93e5-fe7c1517615b | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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[[映射]]的''值域''(Range)是由[[定义域]]中一切元素的[[像|映射的像]]的[[集合]]。给定[[映射]]$$f:A\to B$$,集合$$f(A)=\{x\in A:f(x)\}$$被称为$$f$$的值域。 | ||
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$$f$$的值域是[[到达域]]的一个[[子集]]。若$$f$$是一个[[满射]],则其到达域和值域相[[等|外延公理]]。 |
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aliases: 任意 | ||
created: 20240905142116609 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240905143029677 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: 谓词逻辑 TODO | ||
title: 全称量化 | ||
tmap.id: 472740ec-4201-41b4-b8cc-04f5c0e9443a | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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在[[谓词逻辑]]中,''全称命题''是对[[论域]]内所有成员的性质或关系的论断结果的陈述。在符号逻辑中,全称量词$$\forall$$是用来指示全称量化的符号(倒立的''A''ll首字母)。 | ||
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全称量化可以看作是对[[逻辑合取]]的一种泛化。考虑$$\forall x\in A, P(x)$$,可以等价地表示为形式$$\bigwedge_{x\in A}P(x)$$ |
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aliases: 陪域 余定义域 上域 终域 共变域 目标集 | ||
created: 20240905094300485 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240905095048908 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: 集合 | ||
title: 到达域 | ||
tmap.id: 9b1b6968-896b-4d6d-80aa-79cb1a47cdd9 | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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''到达域''(Codomain),或称为''陪域''、''余定义域''、''上域''、''终域''、''共变域''、''目标集''。给定[[映射]]$$f:A\to B$$,其中$$B$$被称为$$f$$的到达域。 | ||
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$$f$$的[[值域]]是到达域的一个[[子集]]。若$$f$$是一个[[满射]],则其到达域和值域相[[等|外延公理]]。 |
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aliases: 一对一的 | ||
created: 20240905130905651 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240905144141786 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: 映射 | ||
title: 单射 | ||
tmap.id: e55e5e39-e98e-48c1-9530-9e89f00117bb | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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[[映射]]$$f:A\to B$$若满足 | ||
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$$ | ||
\forall y\in B,\forall x\in A,\forall w\in A, (x,y)\in f\land (w,y)\in f \rightarrow x=w | ||
$$ | ||
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则$$f$$被称为是''一对一的''(one-to-one)或者''单射''(injection) |
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aliases: 一一对应 | ||
created: 20240905132939295 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240905134357448 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: TODO 映射 | ||
title: 双射 | ||
tmap.id: f70e3bdf-98e0-4f97-bc76-8d2c30d29306 | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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[[映射]]$$f:A\to B$$若满足 | ||
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$$ | ||
(\forall y\in B,\exists! x\in A, f(x)=y)\land(\forall x\in A,\exists! y\in B,f(x)=y) | ||
$$ | ||
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则$$f$$是一个''双射''(bijection)。即,双射$$f$$在两[[集合]]间建立了''一一对应''[[关系|?]]。 | ||
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等价的,双射即满足既是[[单射]]又是[[满射]]。 |
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caption: 变换 | ||
created: 20191010111018304 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240829153826087 | ||
modified: 20240905085810500 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: TODO 数学 分类 | ||
tags: 分类 映射 | ||
title: 变换 | ||
tmap.id: df06217b-4a6a-4843-86f8-cdf921202b22 | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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! 变换 | ||
如果[[映射]]$$f:A\to A$$,那么映射$$f$$也称是$$A$$上的''变换''。 |
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aliases: 句法蕴涵 蕴涵 | ||
created: 20240905145200711 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240905151955730 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: TODO 逻辑 | ||
title: 句法后承 | ||
tmap.id: fe632fb7-af54-4fe9-9e20-b6592dacd587 | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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''句法后承''(syntactic consequence),也叫''句法蕴涵''。符号为$$\vdash$$。 | ||
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句法后承的用法和[[语义后承]]类似,也是连接一个[[命题]][[集合]]和一个命题。$$A\vdash x$$表示$$x$$可以通过[[句法证明]]的方式从命题集$$A$$得出。 | ||
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存在一个[[证明]],是一个命题[[序列]],使得每个命题要么是[[公理]],要么是$$A$$中的命题,要么是要么是有它们作为[[前提]]通过证明规则得到的命题,从而可以得到最终的[[结论]]是$$x$$。 |
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aliases: 唯一量化 唯一存在 唯一 | ||
created: 20240905141402517 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240905142409269 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: 谓词逻辑 TODO | ||
title: 唯一存在量化 | ||
tmap.id: 62b66d29-07bd-4c05-ab4c-2c57f7a79e21 | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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''唯一量化''或''唯一存在量化'',尝试形式化对于“精确”的一个事物,或对于精确的特定类型的一个事物为真的某个事物的概念。在符号逻辑中,唯一存在量词$$\exists!$$是用来指示唯一量化的符号。 | ||
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唯一量化通常被认为是[[全称量化]]、[[存在量化]]和[[恒等关系]]的组合。即$$\exists!x\in A,P(x)$$等价于 | ||
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$$ | ||
\exist x\in A,P(x)\land(\forall y\in A,P(y)\implies x=y) | ||
$$ |
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aliases: 存在 | ||
created: 20240905135327559 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240905143017825 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: 谓词逻辑 TODO | ||
title: 存在量化 | ||
tmap.id: e8fe317e-f01a-4479-afb0-47774d461f02 | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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在[[谓词逻辑]]中,''存在量化''是对[[论域]]内至少一个成员的性质或关系的论断。在符号逻辑中,存在量词$$\exists$$是用来指示存在量化的符号(倒转的''E''xists首字母)。 | ||
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存在量化可以看作是对[[逻辑析取]]的一种泛化。考虑$$\exists x\in A, P(x)$$,可以等价地表示为形式$$\bigvee_{x\in A}P(x)$$ |
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aliases: 原像集 | ||
created: 20240905093021296 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240905094215916 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: 集合 | ||
title: 定义域 | ||
tmap.id: 0319722a-dbd1-4952-9baa-1e9e9a8ecf21 | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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''定义域''(Domain),是[[映射]]自变量所有可取值的[[集合]]。给定$$f:A\to B$$,其中$$A$$被称为$$f$$的定义域,通常记作$$D(f)$$。 |
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@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@ | ||
created: 20240806092238466 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240822095645310 | ||
modified: 20240905093954338 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: 函数 | ||
tags: 数学:函数 | ||
title: 序列 | ||
tmap.id: f75996a5-ff68-41cd-b34b-202000493d28 | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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''序列''(Sequences)在数学中是指被排成一列的数学实体(如[[数字]]、[[函数]]),其中常见的就是排成一列的数,即[[数列]]。 | ||
''序列''(Sequences)在数学中是指被排成一列的数学实体(如[[数字]]、[[函数|数学:函数]]),其中常见的就是排成一列的数,即[[数列]]。 |
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created: 20240821144750663 | ||
creator: miRoox | ||
modified: 20240822111020818 | ||
modified: 20240905093954312 | ||
modifier: miRoox | ||
tags: 初等函数 TODO 函数 | ||
tags: 初等函数 TODO 数学:函数 | ||
title: 恒等函数 | ||
tmap.id: ffa1de33-850e-4c84-8a30-5b8391e7a45f | ||
type: text/vnd.tiddlywiki | ||
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''恒等函数''(Identity function)是对于传回和其输入值相同的[[函数]]的称呼,是[[恒等关系]]的一种特例。换句话说,恒等函数即函数$$f(x)=x$$。 | ||
''恒等函数''(Identity function)是对于传回和其输入值相同的[[函数|数学:函数]]的称呼,是[[恒等关系]]的一种特例。换句话说,恒等函数即函数$$f(x)=x$$。 |
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