build: Patch socket.io packages for node16 moduleResolution

[tylerbutler]

This PR patches socket.io-client and engine.io-client, applying the changes from socketio/socket.io-client#1595 and socketio/engine.io-client#711, respectively.

I think this is a safe change because we are using only types from the package, and the .d.ts/exported API still refers to the real socket.io-client package, so consumers should see no difference - they might still hit the same bug we're hitting, but only when using node16 moduleResolution.

AB#6140

[Josmithr]

Could we add a README in the patches directory (assuming we don't already have one) and add docs explaining what the patches are, why we need them, and link to the appropriate work items whose completion would enable us to remove these?

[tylerbutler]

Could we add a README in the patches directory (assuming we don't already have one) and add docs explaining what the patches are, why we need them, and link to the appropriate work items whose completion would enable us to remove these?

Added a readme.

[Josmithr]

Thanks for adding the docs!