[vcpkg] Add timeout to curl download from FTP and HTTP

[FrankXie05]

Fix microsoft/vcpkg#42394

The put_file function lacked timeout parameters for curl commands, leading to potential hangs if the server was unresponsive. This update improves the robustness by adding --max-time and --connect-timeout.

Added --max-time (60 seconds) and --connect-timeout (10 seconds) to curl commands.
Used constants for timeout values for maintainability.

[FrankXie05]

@BillyONeal

[BillyONeal]

If curl does not do this out of the box it's unclear that vcpkg choosing different values is correct....

[FrankXie05]

In fact, I don't have a specific example locally to prove whether our curl has a default timeout. I just saw the error log of the user's issue showing that we don't have a mechanism to trigger the timeout.

I think we can make a public option VCPKG_CURL_TIMEOUT to facilitate users to use in this case.

[JavierMatosD]

Hi @FrankXie05, Thank you for your contribution! I brought this up to the team today. (@ras0219-msft, @BillyONeal, @AugP, @vicroms)

We do not believe it is appropriate to hardcode a timeout. Since this is affecting put_file, a potential workaround could be adding a curl.bat wrapper, adding the timeouts, to your PATH.