[abseil] Update to 20240116.1

[jimwang118]

Fixes #37439
Delete feature cxx17.

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download.
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version.
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

Usage test pass with following triplets:

x86-windows
x64-windows
x64-windows-static

[dg0yt]

Why do you remove the feature?

[jimwang118]

Why do you remove the feature?

Reviewing our maintenance guidelines does not recommend adding the C++ standard as a non-functional feature. https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg-docs/blob/main/vcpkg/contributing/maintainer-guide.md#do-not-use-features-to-control-alternatives-in-published-interfaces
Moreover, referring to RP, it is not recommended to add C++ standard features.

[dg0yt]

Yes, probably it wouldn't be added today.
IIRC in the case of abseil, removal was discussed in the past And until now, the decision was to keep it.

• Abseil does forward usage requirements.
• Abseil is very much about adding polyfill for C++ version, and its configuration has impact on downstream builds.

I don't say it works perfectly. For precise control, it is probably necessary to customize the triplet file for the toolchain and ports of interest.

[BillyONeal]

Yeah, abseil is the posterchild of https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/vcpkg/contributing/maintainer-guide#a-feature-may-replace-polyfills-with-aliases-provided-that-replacement-is-baked-into-the-installed-tree

[BillyONeal]

Thanks for the update!