[google-cloud-cpp] update to the latest release (v2.27.0)

[dbolduc]

Tested on x64 Linux with:

for feature in "developerconnect" "privilegedaccessmanager" "experimental-bigquerycontrol"; do ./vcpkg remove google-cloud-cpp; ./vcpkg install "google-cloud-cpp[core,${feature}]" || break; done

and:

./vcpkg remove google-cloud-cpp && ./vcpkg install 'google-cloud-cpp[*]'

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Removed Patches

Abseil C++17 patch

cc: @dllg who authored #21942

I tested with:

./vcpkg install abseil[cxx17]
./vcpkg install google-cloud-cpp

It seems fine to me.

Mocks / CMake 3.30 patch

cc: @alichnewsky, @teo-tsirpanis who worked on #39802

We fixed the support for CMake 3.30 upstream in: googleapis/google-cloud-cpp#14433

I tested locally with CMake 3.30.1 with:

./vcpkg remove google-cloud-cpp && ./vcpkg install 'google-cloud-cpp[iam,iap,compute,kms,monitoring,logging,opentelemetry,pubsub,speech,storage,storageinsights,storagetransfer,support,tasks,trace,translate]

I do not think the peculiar use of cmake_dependent_option() was the issue, so I removed the patch.

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• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download.
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version.
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

[MonicaLiu0311]

Except compute,channel,asset, other features are tested successfully in the following triplet:

x86-windows
x64-windows
x64-windows-static