[protobuf] Update to 5.29.0

[jimwang118]

1. Update to 5.29.0.
2. Remove patch fix-arm64-msvc.patch that has been fixed upstream.
3. Use upstream PR 2830 to fix the issue of brpc adapting to protobuf-5.29.0.

• Changes comply with the maintainer guide.
• SHA512s are updated for each updated download.
• The "supports" clause reflects platforms that may be fixed by this new version.
• Any fixed CI baseline entries are removed from that file.
• Any patches that are no longer applied are deleted from the port's directory.
• The version database is fixed by rerunning ./vcpkg x-add-version --all and committing the result.
• Only one version is added to each modified port's versions file.

Usage test passed with x64-windows triplet.

[BillyONeal]

Thanks for the update!