Issue a bespoke profile update message on patching a profile

[jhrozek]

Summary

I forgot to issue a profile update message on patching a profile. Since
the profile update message is currently nicely encapsulated in
sendNewProfileEvent which is a private method of the Profile service
and we already have PR #2990 that would move all of the Patch
functionality to that service and remove the current Patch handler
implementation, I decided to create a bespoke message for now.

This code will be removed once we merge PR #2990.

Change Type

Mark the type of change your PR introduces:

• Bug fix (resolves an issue without affecting existing features)
• Feature (adds new functionality without breaking changes)
• Breaking change (may impact existing functionalities or require documentation updates)
• Documentation (updates or additions to documentation)
• Refactoring or test improvements (no bug fixes or new functionality)

Testing

1. create a profile with remediate: off
2. patch the profile to have remediate: on
3. with this PR, the profile should re-evaluate

Review Checklist:

• Reviewed my own code for quality and clarity.
• Added comments to complex or tricky code sections.
• Updated any affected documentation.
• Included tests that validate the fix or feature.
• Checked that related changes are merged.

[coveralls]

coverage: 48.526% (-0.01%) from 48.538%
when pulling 78852ac on jhrozek:patch_refresh_profile
into 70653d4 on stacklok:main.