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# Sphinx build info version 1 | ||
# This file hashes the configuration used when building these files. When it is not found, a full rebuild will be done. | ||
config: 467d696df5e449bc43dfa7825c83c705 | ||
tags: 645f666f9bcd5a90fca523b33c5a78b7 |
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Advanced Topics | ||
=============== | ||
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Leveraging Driver Specific Features | ||
----------------------------------- | ||
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TODO | ||
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Access the ``cursor`` object | ||
---------------------------- | ||
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The cursor is a temporary object created in memory that allows you to perform | ||
row-by-row operations on your data and use handy methods such as | ||
``.description``, ``.fetchall()`` and ``.fetchone()``. | ||
As long as you are running a SQL ``SELECT`` query, you can access the cursor | ||
object by appending ``_cursor`` to the end of the queries name. | ||
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For example, say you have the following query named ``get-all-greetings`` in a ``sql`` file: | ||
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.. code:: sql | ||
-- greetings.sql | ||
-- name: get-all-greetings | ||
-- Get all the greetings in the database | ||
SELECT | ||
greeting_id, | ||
greeting | ||
FROM greetings; | ||
With this query, you can get all ``greeting_id``'s and ``greeting``'s, access the cursor object, | ||
and print the column names with the following code: | ||
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.. code:: python | ||
import asyncio | ||
import aiosql | ||
import aiosqlite | ||
from typing import List | ||
queries = aiosql.from_path("greetings.sql", "aiosqlite") | ||
async def access_cursor(): | ||
async with aiosqlite.connect("greetings.db") as conn: | ||
# append _cursor after query name | ||
async with queries.get_all_greetings_cursor(conn) as cur: | ||
print([col_info[0] for col_info in cur.description]) | ||
first_row = await cur.fetchone() | ||
all_data = await cur.fetchall() | ||
print(f"ALL DATA: {all_data}") # list of tuples | ||
print(f"FIRST ROW: {first_row}") # tuple of first row data | ||
asyncio.run(access_cursor()) | ||
# [greeting_id, greeting] | ||
# ALL DATA: [(1, hi), (2, aloha), (3, hola)] | ||
# FIRST ROW: (1, hi) | ||
Accessing prepared SQL as a string | ||
---------------------------------- | ||
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When you need to do something not directly supported by aiosql, this is your escape hatch. | ||
You can still define your sql in a file and load it with aiosql, but then you may choose to use it | ||
without calling your aiosql method. | ||
The prepared SQL string of a method is available as an attribute of each method ``queries.<method_name>.sql``. | ||
Here's an example of how you might use it with a unique feature of ``psycopg2`` like | ||
`execute_values <https://www.psycopg.org/docs/extras.html#psycopg2.extras.execute_values>`__. | ||
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This example adapts the example usage from psycopg2's documentation for | ||
`execute_values <https://www.psycopg.org/docs/extras.html#psycopg2.extras.execute_values>`__. | ||
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.. code:: python | ||
>>> import aiosql | ||
>>> import psycopg2 | ||
>>> from psycopg2.extras import execute_values | ||
>>> sql_str = """ | ||
... -- name: create_schema# | ||
... create table test (id int primary key, v1 int, v2 int); | ||
... | ||
... -- name: insert! | ||
... INSERT INTO test (id, v1, v2) VALUES %s; | ||
... | ||
... -- name: update! | ||
... UPDATE test SET v1 = data.v1 FROM (VALUES %s) AS data (id, v1) | ||
... WHERE test.id = data.id; | ||
... | ||
... -- name: getem | ||
... select * from test order by id; | ||
... """ | ||
>>> | ||
>>> queries = aiosql.from_str(sql_str, "psycopg2") | ||
>>> conn = psycopg2.connect("dbname=test user=postgres") | ||
>>> queries.create_schema(conn) | ||
>>> | ||
>>> cur = conn.cursor() | ||
>>> execute_values(cur, queries.insert.sql, [(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6), (7, 8, 9)]) | ||
>>> execute_values(cur, queries.update.sql, [(1, 20), (4, 50)]) | ||
>>> | ||
>>> queries.getem(conn) | ||
[(1, 20, 3), (4, 50, 6), (7, 8, 9)] | ||
Accessing the SQL Operation Type | ||
-------------------------------- | ||
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Query functions also provide access to the SQL Operation Type you define in your library. | ||
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This can be useful for observability (such as metrics, tracing, or logging), or customizing how you | ||
manage different operations within your codebase. Extending from the above example: | ||
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.. code:: python | ||
>>> import logging | ||
>>> import contextlib | ||
>>> | ||
>>> reporter = logging.getLogger("metrics") | ||
>>> | ||
>>> def report_metrics(op, sql, op_time): | ||
... reporter.info(f"Operation: {op.name!r}\nSQL: {sql!r} \nTime (ms): {op_time}") | ||
... | ||
>>> | ||
>>> @contextlib.contextmanager | ||
... def observe_query(func): | ||
... op = func.operation | ||
... sql = func.sql | ||
... start = time.time() | ||
... yield | ||
... end = time.time() | ||
... op_time = end - start | ||
... report_metrics(op, sql, op_time) | ||
... | ||
>>> with observe_query(queries.getem): | ||
... queries.getem(conn) | ||
... | ||
[(1, 20, 3), (4, 50, 6), (7, 8, 9)] | ||
Sync & Async | ||
------------ | ||
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Below are two example of a program which can print ``"{greeting}, {world_name}!"`` from data held | ||
in a minimal SQLite database containing greetings and worlds. They use this same SQL. | ||
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*greetings.sql* | ||
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.. code:: sql | ||
-- name: get-all-greetings | ||
-- Get all the greetings in the database | ||
select greeting_id, | ||
greeting | ||
from greetings; | ||
-- name: get-worlds-by-name^ | ||
-- Get the world record from the database. | ||
select world_id, | ||
world_name | ||
from worlds | ||
where world_name = :world_name; | ||
Notice there is a usage of the ``^`` `Select One Query Operator <./defining-sql-queries.rst#select-one>`__. | ||
Adding this to the SQL comment ``--name: get-world-by-name^`` indicates to aiosql that | ||
``queries.get_world_by_name()`` will return a single row back. | ||
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Sync with sqlite3 | ||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | ||
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Here we've set up our ``sqlite3`` connection. | ||
Using the ``sqlite3.Row`` type for our records to make it easy to access values by column names | ||
rather than as tuple indices. | ||
The program works, it does two queries sqequentially then loops over their results to print greetings. | ||
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.. code:: python | ||
import sqlite3 | ||
import aiosql | ||
queries = aiosql.from_path("greetings.sql", driver_adapter="sqlite3") | ||
conn = sqlite3.connect("greetings.db") | ||
conn.row_factory = sqlite3.Row | ||
# greetings = [ | ||
# <Row greeting_id=1, greeting="Hi">, | ||
# <Row greeting_id=2, greeting="Aloha">, | ||
# <Row greeting_id=3, greeting="Hola"> | ||
# ] | ||
greetings = queries.get_all_greetings(conn) | ||
# world = <Row world_id=1, world_name="Earth"> | ||
world = queries.get_worlds_by_name(conn, world_name="Earth") | ||
# Hi, Earth! | ||
# Aloha, Earth! | ||
# Hola, Earth! | ||
for greeting_row in greetings: | ||
print(f"{greeting_row['greeting']}, {world['world_name']}!") | ||
conn.close() | ||
Asyncio with aiosqlite | ||
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ | ||
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This program is only a little bit different. | ||
It let's us leverage `asyncio.gather <https://docs.python.org/3/library/asyncio-task.html#asyncio.gather>`__ | ||
to make both queries for greetings and worlds in parallel! | ||
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.. code:: python | ||
import asyncio | ||
import aiosql | ||
import aiosqlite | ||
queries = aiosql.from_path("greetings.sql", driver_adapter="aiosqlite") | ||
async def main(): | ||
async with aiosqlite.connect("greetings.db") as conn: | ||
conn.row_factory = aiosqlite.Row | ||
# Parallel queries!!! | ||
# | ||
# greetings = [ | ||
# <Row greeting_id=1, greeting="Hi">, | ||
# <Row greeting_id=2, greeting="Aloha">, | ||
# <Row greeting_id=3, greeting="Hola"> | ||
# ] | ||
# world = <Row world_id=1, world_name="Earth"> | ||
greeting_rows, world = await asyncio.gather( | ||
queries.get_all_greetings(conn), | ||
queries.get_worlds_by_name(conn, world_name="Earth") | ||
) | ||
# Hi, Earth! | ||
# Aloha, Earth! | ||
# Hola, Earth! | ||
for greeting_row in greeting_rows: | ||
print(f"{greeting_row['greeting']}, {world['world_name']}!") | ||
asyncio.run(main()) | ||
Slightly different usage with `aiosqlite <https://github.com/omnilib/aiosqlite>`__ but I hope this | ||
has demonstrated in a small way the big power and performance possibilities with asyncronous queries | ||
using the async driver types. |
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Contributing | ||
============ | ||
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First, thank you for considering to make a contribution to this project. | ||
Spending your valuable time helping make this project better is deeply appreciated. | ||
All kinds of contributions are helpful and welcome. | ||
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- Report issues `<https://github.com/nackjicholson/aiosql/issues>`__ | ||
- Review or make your own pull requests `<https://github.com/nackjicholson/aiosql/pulls>`__ | ||
- Write documentation `<https://github.com/nackjicholson/aiosql/tree/master/docs>`__ | ||
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Whether you have an idea for a feature improvement or have found a troubling bug, thank you for being here. | ||
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Packaging & Distribution | ||
------------------------ | ||
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This aiosql repository uses the python standard packaging tools. | ||
Read about them in more detail at the following links. | ||
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- `Python Packaging User Guide <https://packaging.python.org/>`__ | ||
- `PyPA - Packaging & Distributing | ||
projects\* <https://packaging.python.org/guides/distributing-packages-using-setuptools/>`__ | ||
- `setuptools <https://setuptools.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html>`__ | ||
- `build <https://pypa-build.readthedocs.io/en/stable/>`__ | ||
- `twine <https://twine.readthedocs.io/en/latest/#configuration>`__ | ||
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Development Setup | ||
----------------- | ||
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1. Create a virtual environment | ||
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.. code:: sh | ||
git clone git@github.com:nackjicholson/aiosql.git | ||
cd aiosql | ||
python -m venv .venv | ||
source .venv/bin/activate | ||
python -m pip install --upgrade pip | ||
All subsequent steps will assume you are using python within your activated virtual environment. | ||
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1. Install your environment to the dependencies defined in ``dev-requirements.txt`` | ||
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Note: different versions of Python may install different versions of dependencies. | ||
As `aiosql` is more or less expected to work with all these module versions, the | ||
bare minimum version pinning is done in the requirements file. | ||
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.. code:: sh | ||
pip install -r dev-requirements.txt | ||
1. Run tests | ||
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.. code:: sh | ||
pytest | ||
Alternatively, there is a `Makefile` to automate some of the above tasks: | ||
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.. code:: sh | ||
make venv.dev # install dev virtualenv | ||
source venv/bin/activate | ||
make check # run all checks: pytest, black, flake8, coverage… | ||
Also, there is a working `poetry` setup in `pyproject.toml`. | ||
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Dependency Management | ||
--------------------- | ||
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There is no dependency for using ``aiosql``. | ||
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For development you need to test with various databases and even more drivers, | ||
see above for generating a working python environment. |
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