Remove unnecessary dependencies from postgis-build image

[hlinnaka]

The apt install stage before this commit:

0 upgraded, 391 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
Need to get 261 MB of archives.

after:

0 upgraded, 367 newly installed, 0 to remove and 9 not upgraded.
Need to get 220 MB of archives.

[github-actions]

5022 tests run: 4864 passed, 0 failed, 158 skipped (full report)

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Flaky tests (1)

Postgres 17

• test_pageserver_compaction_smoke: release-x86-64

Code coverage* (full report)

• functions: 31.3% (7485 of 23881 functions)
• lines: 49.6% (60094 of 121224 lines)

* collected from Rust tests only

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_{The comment gets automatically updated with the latest test results
8ec350d at 2024-10-01T20:17:00.951Z :recycle:}

[bayandin]

Looks good!
Should we add --no-install-recommends to other apt installs?

[hlinnaka]

Looks good! Should we add --no-install-recommends to other apt installs?

Good point. I added it to all of the apt installs now, let's see if everything still works.