feat(pageserver): do space check before gc-compaction

[skyzh]

Problem

part of #9114

Summary of changes

gc-compaction may take a lot of disk space, and if it does, the caller should do a partial gc-compaction. This patch adds space check for the compaction job.

Checklist before requesting a review

• I have performed a self-review of my code.
• If it is a core feature, I have added thorough tests.
• Do we need to implement analytics? if so did you add the relevant metrics to the dashboard?
• If this PR requires public announcement, mark it with /release-notes label and add several sentences in this section.

Checklist before merging

• Do not forget to reformat commit message to not include the above checklist

[github-actions]

5202 tests run: 4995 passed, 0 failed, 207 skipped (full report)

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Flaky tests (5)

Postgres 17

• test_pg_regress[None]: release-arm64

Postgres 15

• test_replica_start_scan_clog_crashed_xids: release-arm64

Postgres 14

• test_storage_controller_compute_hook: release-x86-64
• test_subscriber_restart: release-x86-64
• test_get_tenant_size_with_multiple_branches: release-x86-64

Code coverage* (full report)

• functions: 31.4% (7562 of 24115 functions)
• lines: 49.2% (60484 of 122946 lines)

* collected from Rust tests only

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_{The comment gets automatically updated with the latest test results
ccda7d7 at 2024-10-15T21:41:24.314Z :recycle:}