tools: use Ubuntu 22.04 and Clang on GitHub actions

This puts us closer to what V8 really supports.
GCC is still covered a lot by Jenkins CI.

.github/workflows/build-tarball.yml

@@ -30,14 +30,16 @@ concurrency:
 env:
   PYTHON_VERSION: '3.12'
   FLAKY_TESTS: keep_retrying
+  CC: clang
+  CXX: clang++
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
   build-tarball:
     if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b  # v4.1.4
         with:
@@ -63,7 +65,7 @@ jobs:
           path: tarballs
   test-tarball-linux:
     needs: build-tarball
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b  # v4.1.4
         with:

.github/workflows/coverage-linux-without-intl.yml

@@ -32,14 +32,16 @@ concurrency:
 env:
   PYTHON_VERSION: '3.12'
   FLAKY_TESTS: keep_retrying
+  CC: clang
+  CXX: clang++
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
   coverage-linux-without-intl:
     if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b  # v4.1.4
         with:

.github/workflows/coverage-linux.yml

@@ -32,14 +32,16 @@ concurrency:
 env:
   PYTHON_VERSION: '3.12'
   FLAKY_TESTS: keep_retrying
+  CC: clang
+  CXX: clang++
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
   coverage-linux:
     if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b  # v4.1.4
         with:

.github/workflows/daily.yml

@@ -7,15 +7,15 @@ on:
 
 env:
   NODE_VERSION: lts/*
+  CC: clang
+  CXX: clang++
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
   build-lto:
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    # not working on gcc-8 and gcc-9 see https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/38570
-    container: gcc:11
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b  # v4.1.4
         with:

.github/workflows/test-internet.yml

@@ -31,14 +31,16 @@ concurrency:
 env:
   PYTHON_VERSION: '3.12'
   FLAKY_TESTS: keep_retrying
+  CC: clang
+  CXX: clang++
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
   test-internet:
     if: github.repository == 'nodejs/node' || github.event_name != 'schedule'
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b  # v4.1.4
         with:

.github/workflows/test-linux.yml

@@ -25,18 +25,17 @@ concurrency:
 env:
   PYTHON_VERSION: '3.12'
   FLAKY_TESTS: keep_retrying
+  CC: sccache clang
+  CXX: sccache clang++
+  SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: 'true'
 
 permissions:
   contents: read
 
 jobs:
   test-linux:
     if: github.event.pull_request.draft == false
-    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
-    env:
-      CC: sccache gcc
-      CXX: sccache g++
-      SCCACHE_GHA_ENABLED: 'true'
+    runs-on: ubuntu-24.04
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@0ad4b8fadaa221de15dcec353f45205ec38ea70b  # v4.1.4
         with: