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url: enforce valid UTF-8 in WHATWG parser #11436
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Some background on why I chose to implement it in C++. I first implemented a fairly optimized JS version, but found out that there is a significant disparity between the best-case performance ( JS implementationfunction toUSVString(V) {
if (typeof V === 'symbol')
throw new TypeError();
const S = String(V);
const n = S.length;
var U = '';
var lastPos = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
const c = S.charCodeAt(i);
if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF) {
continue;
} else if (0xDC00 <= c && c <= 0xDFFF || i === n - 1) {
if (lastPos < i)
U += S.slice(lastPos, i);
lastPos = i + 1;
U += '\ufffd';
} else {
const d = S.charCodeAt(i + 1);
if (0xDC00 <= d && d <= 0xDFFF) {
++i;
continue;
} else {
if (lastPos < i)
U += S.slice(lastPos, i);
lastPos = i + 1;
U += '\ufffd';
}
}
}
if (lastPos === 0)
return V;
if (lastPos < n)
return U + S.slice(lastPos, n);
return U;
} Benchmark results
|
I think we already have somehow a valid implementation for toUSVString in the project. It is used when you call |
@targos, it is a lot slower (10x slower for |
Of course, but can't we reuse it directly on the string, without the conversion? |
No, unfortunately. > Buffer.prototype.toString.call('a')
TypeError: this.utf8Slice is not a function
> Buffer.prototype.utf8Slice.call('a')
TypeError: argument should be a Buffer That notwithstanding, the actual conversion is done under-the-hood at buffer creation-time in |
I didn't mean use the JS function, rather the underlying V8 C++ implementation. I'm sorry for the confusion, I didn't see your comment in |
@@ -48,8 +48,7 @@ TwoByteValue::TwoByteValue(Isolate* isolate, Local<Value> value) { | |||
const size_t storage = string->Length() + 1; | |||
AllocateSufficientStorage(storage); | |||
|
|||
const int flags = | |||
String::NO_NULL_TERMINATION | String::REPLACE_INVALID_UTF8; | |||
const int flags = String::NO_NULL_TERMINATION; |
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I'm not sure this is right, since this would affect more than just the WHATWG URL implementation?
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Indeed, this is not an acceptable change. You could turn the flags into an optional argument that defaults to what is now or make it a template trait.
EDIT: Objection withdrawn.
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As I've explained in 424722af4541cd0eec1bf299aa8afcdff6284f52, this flag is actually a no-op. TwoByteValue::TwoByteValue
uses v8::String::Write
as opposed to v8::String::WriteUtf8
. The flag is only respected by WriteUtf8
, and hence misleading being applied here in TwoByteValue
.
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Oh, you're right, I missed that it's the UTF-16 version. Objection withdrawn.
src/node_url.cc
Outdated
uint16_t c = value[i]; | ||
if (c < 0xD800 || c > 0xDFFF) { | ||
continue; | ||
} else if (0xDC00 <= c || i == n - 1) { |
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Avoid mixing normal and Yoda-style comparisons in the same block of code, it makes it harder to understand.
src/node_url.cc
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value[i] = 0xFFFD; | ||
} | ||
} | ||
} |
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You can probably get a bit of speedup if you split this loop in a simple linear scan for invalid characters, and a second one that fixes them up.
That optimizes for the common case that of valid UTF-8 and because you can do the scan in JS land with a regex (/[\uD800-\uDBFF]?[\uDC00-\uDFFF]/
if I read the logic correctly), you can avoid a call into C++ land.
Doing the scan in JS land penalizes the uncommon case because C++ lands needs to scan again. Whether the first scan should be in done in JS or C++ land depends on how common the uncommon case is. Not very, I expect.
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@bnoordhuis, I'll benchmark this, but is a regex faster than character search these days? Also, the regex is more like /([^\uD800-\uDBFF]|^)[\uDC00-\uDFFF]|[\uD800-\uDBFF]([^\uDC00-\uDFFF]|$)/
, though if there's a way to simplify that will probably help performance-wise as well.
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Macros like this might help to make it a bit easier to read in the C++ land...
#define IS_HIGH_SURROGATE(c) (((c) & 0xFC00) == 0xD800)
#define IS_LOW_SURROGATE(c) (((c) & 0xFC00) == 0xDC00)
I think the i++
part is a bit implicit(if I understand correctly this would make the second branch "unexpected" so "changed = true"). Testing for an unexpected low surrogate first, then for high surrogates checks the following character(or EOL) immediately instead of waiting until the next cycle could be easier to read.
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@joyeecheung, I've taken up on your suggestion of using macros. However, after doing so, the branching looks like:
uint16_t d = buf[i + 1];
if (IS_SURROGATE_TRAIL(d)) {
i++;
} else {
changed = true;
buf[i] = 0xFFFD;
}
I personally consider it a better style to always use the positive expression (without !
) when an else
clause is involved, though I'll see if it is necessary to perhaps add some likely/unlikely annotations if it helps performance.
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What I had in mine is something like (sorry for the code dump):
for (size_t i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
uint16_t c = value[i];
// paired low surrogate would have been consumed in the previous cycle
// so this must be unpaired.
if (IS_LOW_SURROGATE(c)) {
changed = true;
value[i] = UTF_REPLACEMENT; // or break if we optimize for the common case
} else if (IS_HIGH_SURROGATE(c)) {
++i; // check the next character immediately
if (i == n) { // ends with high surrogate, unpaired
changed = true;
value[i - 1] = UTF_REPLACEMENT; // or break
} else {
uint16_t d = value[i];
if (IS_LOW_SURROGATE(d)) { // paired
continue;
} else { // high surrogate without a following low surrogate, unpaired
changed = true;
value[i - 1] = UTF_REPLACEMENT; // or break
}
}
}
}
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EDIT: d
should be value[i]
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Oh and..no need to replace the value[i]
if value[i-1]
is unpaired high surrogate
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I'll benchmark this, but is a regex faster than character search these days?
I expect the answer is 'yes' for short strings. Calling into C++ land and copying out the string has quite a bit of overhead associated with it. It's amortized for long strings but it's probably quite substantial for short strings (and I assume most inputs will be relatively short.)
Also, the regex is more like
/([^\uD800-\uDBFF]|^)[\uDC00-\uDFFF]|[\uD800-\uDBFF]([^\uDC00-\uDFFF]|$)/
, though if there's a way to simplify that will probably help performance-wise as well.
A simple scan for /[\uD800-\uDFFF]/
followed by a call into C++ land when it tests true may already be good enough.
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@joyeecheung, I don't think your code snippet would work for a "high high low" sequence, since in the process of checking for "high" i
is advanced twice, so it would go directly to "low" for the next iteration.
@bnoordhuis, indeed a regex is a lot faster than iterating through the string in JS. The seemingly long regex doesn't actually have much adverse performance effect if the last ([^\uDC00-\uDFFF]|$)
is turned into a negative lookahead. PTAL.
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Oh yes, that is just the general idea typed in the comment box...though I think this can be solved by adding a nested branch for high surrogate and decrease the pointer?
(Just to be clear, I don't mean to block this, just think avoiding hex inside the code could make it easier to understand so threw my 2cents. It's kinda weird to do this kind of review inside comments :P)
@@ -48,8 +48,7 @@ TwoByteValue::TwoByteValue(Isolate* isolate, Local<Value> value) { | |||
const size_t storage = string->Length() + 1; | |||
AllocateSufficientStorage(storage); | |||
|
|||
const int flags = | |||
String::NO_NULL_TERMINATION | String::REPLACE_INVALID_UTF8; | |||
const int flags = String::NO_NULL_TERMINATION; |
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Indeed, this is not an acceptable change. You could turn the flags into an optional argument that defaults to what is now or make it a template trait.
EDIT: Objection withdrawn.
@@ -598,8 +598,7 @@ exports.WPT = { | |||
try { | |||
fn(); | |||
} catch (err) { | |||
if (err instanceof Error) | |||
err.message = `In ${desc}:\n ${err.message}`; | |||
console.error(`In ${desc}:`); |
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Left-over debug code?
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No, it was intentional, since it seems like after the Error
is constructed changing the message
doesn't change stack
. (See 56f6b8dbad36a46f07668b2b35574dc367e6d146.)
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Hmm, yes, to patch the error message we would have to extend the Error class, something like:
class WPTError extends Error {
constructor(desc, err) {
super(`In ${desc}, ${err.name}: ${err.message}`);
Error.captureStackTrace(this, WPTError);
}
}
throw new WPTError(desc, err);
But then console.error()
works too, though we would see two error traces this way?
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hmm.. it appears to:
> var m = new Error('test')
undefined
> m.message = 'foo'
'foo'
> m
Error: foo
at repl:1:9
at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:23:33)
at REPLServer.defaultEval (repl.js:340:29)
at bound (domain.js:280:14)
at REPLServer.runBound [as eval] (domain.js:293:12)
at REPLServer.onLine (repl.js:537:10)
at emitOne (events.js:101:20)
at REPLServer.emit (events.js:189:7)
at REPLServer.Interface._onLine (readline.js:238:10)
at REPLServer.Interface._line (readline.js:582:8)
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Oh, looks like it's the Error.captureStackTrace
call in the AssertionError
constructor "freezes" the stack. To recapture the stack, we need to:
diff --git a/test/common.js b/test/common.js
index 5f7dc25..f74d5f0 100644
--- a/test/common.js
+++ b/test/common.js
@@ -598,8 +598,10 @@ exports.WPT = {
try {
fn();
} catch (err) {
- if (err instanceof Error)
+ if (err instanceof Error) {
err.message = `In ${desc}:\n ${err.message}`;
+ Error.captureStackTrace(err);
+ }
throw err;
}
},
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@joyeecheung, calling Error.captureStackTrace()
there will only capture the stack of WPT.test
, not the actual stack from err
.
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Hmm, yes, this probably deserves another PR to sort out. I am fine with a console.error
work around.
I'm wondering if a more efficient solution would be to make a |
Certainly. I'll see what I can do for this.
I think it'll still be needed for the |
True. That said, I'm working on a C/C++ querystring parser implementation and evaluating the performance. It will likely make the most sense to keep that impl in JS land but we'll see what kind of numbers I can get. |
@jasnell, after investigating, I realized that a While the double conversion cannot be gotten rid of in the setters, the |
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Tried to address comments as far as possible. Changes:
PTAL. |
src/node_url.cc
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value[i] = UNICODE_REPLACEMENT_CHARACTER; | ||
} else { | ||
uint16_t d = value[i + 1]; | ||
if (U16_IS_TRAIL(d)) { |
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Why are there two flavors of macros? If I understand correctly, U16_IS_SURROGATE_TRAIL
means "we already know it is a surrogate, now we are testing if it is the trail surrogate", and U16_IS_TRAIL
means "we are testing if it is the trail surrogate". If so, the first one can just be replaced by the second one?
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It's probably micro-optimization, but U16_IS_SURROGATE_LEAD
/TRAIL
can be reduced to two instructions (on x86 at least, and
+ j(n)z
), while U16_IS_LEAD
/TRAIL
each requires three (and
+ cmp
+ je
). In most cases, the macros come for free anyway from ICU4C, which is why I took the liberty to use them.
lib/internal/url.js
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throw new TypeError('Cannot convert a Symbol value to a string'); | ||
const str = String(val); | ||
// As of V8 5.5, str.search (and usvRe[@@search]) are slower than usvRe.exec. | ||
const match = usvRe.exec(str); |
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Maybe just .test
because we don't need the match to do anything further
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Ooops, missed the match.index
part below, never mind.
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Rebased. New CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/6537/ |
lib/internal/url.js
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function toUSVString(val) { | ||
if (typeof val === 'symbol') | ||
throw new TypeError('Cannot convert a Symbol value to a string'); | ||
const str = String(val); |
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I'd just val = '' + val
if you want to coerce, that way you don't have to duplicate the 'is symbol?' check.
src/node_url.cc
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#define U16_IS_SURROGATE(c) (((c) & 0xF800) == 0xD800) | ||
#define U16_IS_SURROGATE_LEAD(c) (((c) & 0x400) == 0) | ||
#define U16_IS_SURROGATE_TRAIL(c) (((c) & 0x400) != 0) | ||
#endif |
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I'd turn these into inline functions. It adds an extra bit of type checking and avoids possible divergence between intl and non-intl builds.
src/node_url.cc
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Local<String> str; | ||
if (!args[0]->ToString(env->context()).ToLocal(&str)) | ||
return; | ||
Utf8Value value(env->isolate(), str); |
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This seems like an unrelated change...
src/node_url.cc
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Local<String> str; | ||
if (!args[0]->ToString(env->context()).ToLocal(&str)) | ||
return; | ||
Utf8Value value(env->isolate(), str); |
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...as does this.
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@bnoordhuis, comments addressed. PTAL. |
@bnoordhuis, ping? |
lib/internal/url.js
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@@ -23,6 +23,17 @@ const IteratorPrototype = Object.getPrototypeOf( | |||
Object.getPrototypeOf([][Symbol.iterator]()) | |||
); | |||
|
|||
const usvRe = | |||
/([^\uD800-\uDBFF]|^)[\uDC00-\uDFFF]|[\uD800-\uDBFF](?![\uDC00-\uDFFF])/; |
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Maybe a comment here explaining this regexp is testing if the string contains unpaired surrogates, or rename it to something self-explanatory..(for a name like usvRe
I would expect it is testing all the characters are in the range of unicode scalar values)
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+1. Changed it to unpairedSurrogateRe
.
@@ -1351,6 +1368,41 @@ namespace url { | |||
v8::NewStringType::kNormal).ToLocalChecked()); | |||
} | |||
|
|||
static void ToUSVString(const FunctionCallbackInfo<Value>& args) { | |||
Environment* env = Environment::GetCurrent(args); | |||
CHECK_GE(args.Length(), 2); |
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CHECK_EQ
?
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All the existing functions use CHECK_GE
, and I don't see a reason to be stricter than what this function actually uses.
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Yeah there are functions in other files doing EQ...not sure if we have a convention or not, just think GE is implying there could be more args, which doesn't seem to be the case for this one, though I don't feel very strongly about this.
const size_t n = value.length(); | ||
|
||
const int64_t start = args[1]->IntegerValue(env->context()).FromJust(); | ||
CHECK_GE(start, 0); |
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Maybe another CHECK_LT(start, n)
? Doesn't do any harm even if start
is larger though.
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I'm only checking start >= 0
because I'm converting start
to a size_t
, which is an unsigned type. In C++, signed-to-unsigned conversion, though a defined operation, acts oddly when the signed value is negative. On the other hand, n >= start
is a more benign case, and I don't think requires the full effects of a runtime assertion (i.e. crashing).
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Oh yep, not worth a full on abort ;)
@@ -25,6 +25,9 @@ const expected = ['toString', | |||
'username', 'password', 'host', 'hostname', 'port', | |||
'pathname', 'search', 'searchParams', 'hash', 'toJSON']; | |||
|
|||
const obj = { toString() { throw new Error('toString'); } }; |
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I think these tests can be in test-whatwg-url-setters.js
? This file is testing the property attributes are defined properly, the added tests are testing the setters are implemented properly.
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test-whatwg-url-setters
is a WPT-derived file, and therefore doesn't pertain to Node.js-specific things like error messages, for which these tests check.
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I think you have already added non-WPT tests to that file? Most error message validation tests are placed this way(after WPT) though.
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Right, I overlooked those other tests that have Node.js-specific ones following WPT. Should now be addressed in 786aead7de3898012512915a10f4685a13f478d0
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LGTM with a style nit.
lib/internal/url.js
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@@ -206,8 +217,10 @@ function onParseHashComplete(flags, protocol, username, password, | |||
|
|||
class URL { | |||
constructor(input, base) { | |||
// toUSVString unneeded |
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Can you punctuate these comments?
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extremely minor nit: s/unneeded/is not needed.
here and throughout
lib/internal/url.js
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@@ -206,8 +217,10 @@ function onParseHashComplete(flags, protocol, username, password, | |||
|
|||
class URL { | |||
constructor(input, base) { | |||
// toUSVString unneeded |
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extremely minor nit: s/unneeded/is not needed.
here and throughout
Changing err.message after the construction of Error doesn't seem to change err.stack.
String::REPLACE_INVALID_UTF8 is only applied in V8's String::WriteUtf8() (i.e. Utf8Value).
This commit implements the Web IDL USVString conversion, which mandates all unpaired Unicode surrogates be turned into U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER. It also disallows Symbols to be used as USVString per spec. Certain functions call into C++ methods in the binding that use the Utf8Value class to access string arguments. Utf8Value already does the normalization using V8's String::Write, so in those cases, instead of doing the full USVString normalization, only a symbol check is done (`'' + val`, which uses ES's ToString, versus `String()` which has special provisions for symbols).
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@bnoordhuis, @jasnell, comments addressed. Will land tomorrow if nothing comes up. |
Landed in 7ceea2a...6123ed5. |
Changing err.message after the construction of Error doesn't seem to change err.stack. PR-URL: #11436 Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl> Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
String::REPLACE_INVALID_UTF8 is only applied in V8's String::WriteUtf8() (i.e. Utf8Value). PR-URL: #11436 Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl> Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
This commit implements the Web IDL USVString conversion, which mandates all unpaired Unicode surrogates be turned into U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER. It also disallows Symbols to be used as USVString per spec. Certain functions call into C++ methods in the binding that use the Utf8Value class to access string arguments. Utf8Value already does the normalization using V8's String::Write, so in those cases, instead of doing the full USVString normalization, only a symbol check is done (`'' + val`, which uses ES's ToString, versus `String()` which has special provisions for symbols). PR-URL: #11436 Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl> Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
PR-URL: #11436 Reviewed-By: Ben Noordhuis <info@bnoordhuis.nl> Reviewed-By: James M Snell <jasnell@gmail.com>
This is not landing cleanly on v7.x-staging. Want to submit a backport PR? |
This commit implements the Web IDL USVString conversion, which mandates all unpaired Unicode surrogates be turned into
U+FFFD REPLACEMENT CHARACTER
. It also disallows Symbols to be used as USVString, per spec.Checklist
make -j4 test
(UNIX), orvcbuild test
(Windows) passesAffected core subsystem(s)
url