string_decoder: fix crash when calling __proto__.write() using C++

[RaisinTen]

This makes the function throw an exception from C++ instead of crashing.

Fixes: #41949
Signed-off-by: Darshan Sen raisinten@gmail.com

[RaisinTen]

string_decoder benchmark: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/benchmark-node-micro-benchmarks/1096/

                                                                                            confidence improvement accuracy (*)    (**)   (***)
string_decoder/string-decoder-create.js n=25000000 encoding='ascii'                                         0.39 %       ±1.35%  ±1.80%  ±2.34%
string_decoder/string-decoder-create.js n=25000000 encoding='AscII'                                         0.61 %       ±2.58%  ±3.46%  ±4.55%
string_decoder/string-decoder-create.js n=25000000 encoding='base64'                                       -1.24 %       ±2.57%  ±3.42%  ±4.46%
string_decoder/string-decoder-create.js n=25000000 encoding='ucs2'                                   *     -2.27 %       ±2.17%  ±2.91%  ±3.84%
string_decoder/string-decoder-create.js n=25000000 encoding='UTF-16LE'                             ***      4.62 %       ±2.11%  ±2.81%  ±3.66%
string_decoder/string-decoder-create.js n=25000000 encoding='utf-8'                                         1.99 %       ±2.55%  ±3.42%  ±4.51%
string_decoder/string-decoder-create.js n=25000000 encoding='utf8'                                          4.58 %       ±4.90%  ±6.54%  ±8.55%
string_decoder/string-decoder-create.js n=25000000 encoding='UTF-8'                                         0.50 %       ±2.69%  ±3.58%  ±4.66%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=1024 encoding='ascii'                        3.87 %       ±4.44%  ±5.94%  ±7.81%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=1024 encoding='base64-ascii'                 0.53 %       ±7.08%  ±9.42% ±12.27%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=1024 encoding='base64-utf8'                  2.41 %       ±8.12% ±10.81% ±14.07%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=1024 encoding='utf16le'                      2.95 %       ±4.05%  ±5.44%  ±7.19%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=1024 encoding='utf8'                ***     -2.33 %       ±1.28%  ±1.73%  ±2.29%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=128 encoding='ascii'                        -1.13 %       ±4.31%  ±5.79%  ±7.65%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=128 encoding='base64-ascii'                  2.83 %       ±7.50%  ±9.98% ±12.99%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=128 encoding='base64-utf8'                   7.01 %       ±9.64% ±12.83% ±16.70%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=128 encoding='utf16le'                       0.38 %       ±3.49%  ±4.66%  ±6.08%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=128 encoding='utf8'                 ***     -5.10 %       ±2.15%  ±2.86%  ±3.73%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=32 encoding='ascii'                          5.09 %       ±7.01%  ±9.42% ±12.47%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=32 encoding='base64-ascii'                  -3.95 %       ±6.23%  ±8.34% ±10.95%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=32 encoding='base64-utf8'                    1.87 %       ±5.88%  ±7.82% ±10.18%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=32 encoding='utf16le'                       -2.02 %       ±3.16%  ±4.25%  ±5.60%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=32 encoding='utf8'                          -0.72 %       ±2.17%  ±2.90%  ±3.80%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=4096 encoding='ascii'                        1.26 %       ±1.70%  ±2.28%  ±3.00%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=4096 encoding='base64-ascii'                 2.18 %       ±8.22% ±10.94% ±14.24%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=4096 encoding='base64-utf8'                  0.54 %       ±7.66% ±10.19% ±13.27%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=4096 encoding='utf16le'                     -0.08 %       ±1.32%  ±1.76%  ±2.29%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=1024 inLen=4096 encoding='utf8'                ***     -2.51 %       ±1.14%  ±1.53%  ±2.01%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=1024 encoding='ascii'                         -0.82 %       ±1.22%  ±1.63%  ±2.14%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=1024 encoding='base64-ascii'                  -1.50 %       ±2.09%  ±2.79%  ±3.65%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=1024 encoding='base64-utf8'                   -1.65 %       ±2.89%  ±3.85%  ±5.03%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=1024 encoding='utf16le'               ***     -1.20 %       ±0.36%  ±0.48%  ±0.63%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=1024 encoding='utf8'                          -0.51 %       ±1.09%  ±1.45%  ±1.89%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=128 encoding='ascii'                           0.15 %       ±1.13%  ±1.50%  ±1.96%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=128 encoding='base64-ascii'                   -2.44 %       ±4.56%  ±6.08%  ±7.92%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=128 encoding='base64-utf8'                     2.24 %       ±5.19%  ±6.92%  ±9.03%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=128 encoding='utf16le'                 **     -2.79 %       ±1.86%  ±2.49%  ±3.29%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=128 encoding='utf8'                           -1.07 %       ±1.60%  ±2.13%  ±2.79%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=32 encoding='ascii'                     *     -2.13 %       ±1.96%  ±2.63%  ±3.46%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=32 encoding='base64-ascii'                    -0.83 %       ±5.45%  ±7.26%  ±9.45%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=32 encoding='base64-utf8'                      1.35 %       ±4.80%  ±6.39%  ±8.32%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=32 encoding='utf16le'                         -0.62 %       ±1.56%  ±2.08%  ±2.71%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=32 encoding='utf8'                            -1.91 %       ±2.85%  ±3.80%  ±4.97%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=4096 encoding='ascii'                  **     -0.74 %       ±0.52%  ±0.70%  ±0.91%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=4096 encoding='base64-ascii'                  -0.86 %       ±2.44%  ±3.26%  ±4.27%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=4096 encoding='base64-utf8'                   -0.52 %       ±1.74%  ±2.31%  ±3.01%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=4096 encoding='utf16le'                       -0.12 %       ±0.64%  ±0.85%  ±1.11%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=16 inLen=4096 encoding='utf8'                  ***     -1.07 %       ±0.59%  ±0.79%  ±1.03%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=1024 encoding='ascii'                         0.36 %       ±1.68%  ±2.23%  ±2.90%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=1024 encoding='base64-ascii'                  7.68 %      ±11.07% ±14.73% ±19.17%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=1024 encoding='base64-utf8'                   5.03 %      ±10.32% ±13.73% ±17.88%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=1024 encoding='utf16le'                *     -1.34 %       ±1.33%  ±1.77%  ±2.31%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=1024 encoding='utf8'                 ***     -3.27 %       ±0.97%  ±1.31%  ±1.73%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=128 encoding='ascii'                         -1.83 %       ±6.57%  ±8.76% ±11.43%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=128 encoding='base64-ascii'                   1.01 %       ±9.20% ±12.25% ±15.96%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=128 encoding='base64-utf8'                    0.62 %       ±8.32% ±11.06% ±14.40%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=128 encoding='utf16le'                       -3.00 %       ±6.66%  ±8.88% ±11.58%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=128 encoding='utf8'                  ***     -3.97 %       ±1.90%  ±2.55%  ±3.37%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=32 encoding='ascii'                          -3.69 %       ±6.36%  ±8.57% ±11.34%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=32 encoding='base64-ascii'                   -0.59 %       ±4.87%  ±6.48%  ±8.45%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=32 encoding='base64-utf8'                     5.64 %       ±5.98%  ±7.97% ±10.38%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=32 encoding='utf16le'                        -6.51 %       ±8.32% ±11.11% ±14.53%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=32 encoding='utf8'                           -3.20 %       ±4.35%  ±5.81%  ±7.59%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=4096 encoding='ascii'                        -0.32 %       ±0.98%  ±1.31%  ±1.71%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=4096 encoding='base64-ascii'           *     -9.43 %       ±8.49% ±11.30% ±14.71%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=4096 encoding='base64-utf8'                  -1.90 %       ±9.20% ±12.24% ±15.94%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=4096 encoding='utf16le'                *     -0.93 %       ±0.80%  ±1.07%  ±1.40%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=256 inLen=4096 encoding='utf8'                  **     -2.03 %       ±1.37%  ±1.85%  ±2.45%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=1024 encoding='ascii'                         -0.13 %       ±0.60%  ±0.80%  ±1.04%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=1024 encoding='base64-ascii'                  -0.35 %       ±0.90%  ±1.21%  ±1.58%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=1024 encoding='base64-utf8'                   -0.62 %       ±6.03%  ±8.02% ±10.44%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=1024 encoding='utf16le'                       -0.42 %       ±0.79%  ±1.05%  ±1.37%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=1024 encoding='utf8'                  ***     -2.30 %       ±1.00%  ±1.34%  ±1.74%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=128 encoding='ascii'                           0.12 %       ±5.16%  ±6.86%  ±8.93%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=128 encoding='base64-ascii'                    1.06 %       ±7.14%  ±9.49% ±12.36%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=128 encoding='base64-utf8'                    -0.82 %       ±5.62%  ±7.47%  ±9.73%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=128 encoding='utf16le'                        -1.15 %       ±3.55%  ±4.73%  ±6.17%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=128 encoding='utf8'                     *     -2.32 %       ±1.91%  ±2.54%  ±3.30%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=32 encoding='ascii'                           -1.22 %       ±6.09%  ±8.10% ±10.55%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=32 encoding='base64-ascii'                     0.32 %       ±5.45%  ±7.25%  ±9.43%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=32 encoding='base64-utf8'                      4.24 %       ±5.86%  ±7.82% ±10.20%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=32 encoding='utf16le'                         -2.18 %       ±6.94%  ±9.24% ±12.04%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=32 encoding='utf8'                            -0.14 %       ±3.38%  ±4.50%  ±5.86%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=4096 encoding='ascii'                          0.80 %       ±1.43%  ±1.92%  ±2.53%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=4096 encoding='base64-ascii'                  -0.28 %       ±4.81%  ±6.40%  ±8.34%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=4096 encoding='base64-utf8'                    3.36 %       ±4.54%  ±6.04%  ±7.88%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=4096 encoding='utf16le'                        0.50 %       ±0.79%  ±1.05%  ±1.37%
string_decoder/string-decoder.js n=2500000 chunkLen=64 inLen=4096 encoding='utf8'                  ***     -1.62 %       ±0.91%  ±1.21%  ±1.59%

Be aware that when doing many comparisons the risk of a false-positive
result increases. In this case, there are 88 comparisons, you can thus
expect the following amount of false-positive results:
  4.40 false positives, when considering a   5% risk acceptance (*, **, ***),
  0.88 false positives, when considering a   1% risk acceptance (**, ***),
  0.09 false positives, when considering a 0.1% risk acceptance (***)

No significant perf regression.

[nodejs-github-bot]

CI: https://ci.nodejs.org/job/node-test-pull-request/42696/

[RaisinTen]

Superseded by #42062 because:

• there were no significant perf regressions in either of the two
• JS is the more approachable language
• we do such validations in JS mostly