esm: increase test coverage of edge cases

[aduh95]

This PR adds some important assertions in preparation for the off-thread PR.

• Assert that we do not leak internals using the publicly available require('node:worker_thread').workerData.
• Assert that import.meta.resolve is currently available from loader modules (that won't be the case when it's taken off thread).
• Assert that calling import.meta.resolve using a specifier that returns a never-settling promise exits the process with code 13. (not sure about this one, I think it's better than leaving the process in a dead lock forever, but also code 13 won't make as much sense if there's no longer a top-level await).

//cc @nodejs/loaders

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[GeoffreyBooth]

• Assert that import.meta.resolve is currently available from loader modules (that won’t be the case when it’s taken off thread).

What does this mean? This PR is testing that import.meta.resolve currently is available within a loader, but we’ll change the assertion to expect the opposite in the off-thread PR?

[aduh95]

What does this mean? This PR is testing that import.meta.resolve currently is available within a loader, but we’ll change the assertion to expect the opposite in the off-thread PR?

Correct. This should help loader authors who are reviewing the PR understand what has changed with the off-thread PR.

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[JakobJingleheimer]

🙌

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Landed in 841f6b3

[RafaelGSS]

Hi, @aduh95. Could you please create a manual backport for v19.x? It didn't land cleanly because the suite on which the tests were included is the same one that contains:

  it('should work without worker permission', async () => {

which wasn't landed in v19.x.