chore: optimise older opcodes in reverse order

acvm-repo/acvm/src/compiler/optimizers/merge_expressions.rs

@@ -12,26 +12,36 @@ use acir::{
 
 use crate::compiler::CircuitSimulator;
 
-pub(crate) struct MergeExpressionsOptimizer {
+pub(crate) struct MergeExpressionsOptimizer<F> {
     resolved_blocks: HashMap<BlockId, BTreeSet<Witness>>,
+    modified_gates: HashMap<usize, Opcode<F>>,
+    deleted_gates: BTreeSet<usize>,
 }
 
-impl MergeExpressionsOptimizer {
+impl<F: AcirField> MergeExpressionsOptimizer<F> {
     pub(crate) fn new() -> Self {
-        MergeExpressionsOptimizer { resolved_blocks: HashMap::new() }
+        MergeExpressionsOptimizer {
+            resolved_blocks: HashMap::new(),
+            modified_gates: HashMap::new(),
+            deleted_gates: BTreeSet::new(),
+        }
     }
     /// This pass analyzes the circuit and identifies intermediate variables that are
     /// only used in two gates. It then merges the gate that produces the
     /// intermediate variable into the second one that uses it
     /// Note: This pass is only relevant for backends that can handle unlimited width
-    pub(crate) fn eliminate_intermediate_variable<F: AcirField>(
+    pub(crate) fn eliminate_intermediate_variable(
         &mut self,
         circuit: &Circuit<F>,
         acir_opcode_positions: Vec<usize>,
     ) -> (Vec<Opcode<F>>, Vec<usize>) {
+        // Initialization
+        self.modified_gates.clear();
+        self.deleted_gates.clear();
+        self.resolved_blocks.clear();
+
         // Keep track, for each witness, of the gates that use it
         let circuit_inputs = circuit.circuit_arguments();
-        self.resolved_blocks = HashMap::new();
         let mut used_witness: BTreeMap<Witness, BTreeSet<usize>> = BTreeMap::new();
         for (i, opcode) in circuit.opcodes.iter().enumerate() {
             let witnesses = self.witness_inputs(opcode);
@@ -46,80 +56,89 @@ impl MergeExpressionsOptimizer {
             }
         }
 
-        let mut modified_gates: HashMap<usize, Opcode<F>> = HashMap::new();
-        let mut new_circuit = Vec::new();
-        let mut new_acir_opcode_positions = Vec::new();
         // For each opcode, try to get a target opcode to merge with
-        for (i, (opcode, opcode_position)) in
-            circuit.opcodes.iter().zip(acir_opcode_positions).enumerate()
-        {
+        for (i, opcode) in circuit.opcodes.iter().enumerate() {
             if !matches!(opcode, Opcode::AssertZero(_)) {
-                new_circuit.push(opcode.clone());
-                new_acir_opcode_positions.push(opcode_position);
                 continue;
             }
-            let opcode = modified_gates.get(&i).unwrap_or(opcode).clone();
-            let mut to_keep = true;
-            let input_witnesses = self.witness_inputs(&opcode);
-            for w in input_witnesses {
-                let Some(gates_using_w) = used_witness.get(&w) else {
-                    continue;
-                };
-                // We only consider witness which are used in exactly two arithmetic gates
-                if gates_using_w.len() == 2 {
-                    let first = *gates_using_w.first().expect("gates_using_w.len == 2");
-                    let second = *gates_using_w.last().expect("gates_using_w.len == 2");
-                    let b = if second == i {
-                        first
-                    } else {
-                        // sanity check
-                        assert!(i == first);
-                        second
+            if let Some(opcode) = self.get_opcode(i, circuit) {
+                let input_witnesses = self.witness_inputs(&opcode);
+                for w in input_witnesses {
+                    let Some(gates_using_w) = used_witness.get(&w) else {
+                        continue;
                     };
-
-                    let second_gate = modified_gates.get(&b).unwrap_or(&circuit.opcodes[b]);
-                    if let (Opcode::AssertZero(expr_define), Opcode::AssertZero(expr_use)) =
-                        (&opcode, second_gate)
-                    {
-                        // We cannot merge an expression into an earlier opcode, because this
-                        // would break the 'execution ordering' of the opcodes
-                        // This case can happen because a previous merge would change an opcode
-                        // and eliminate a witness from it, giving new opportunities for this
-                        // witness to be used in only two expressions
-                        // TODO: the missed optimization for the i>b case can be handled by
-                        // - doing this pass again until there is no change, or
-                        // - merging 'b' into 'i' instead
-                        if i < b {
-                            if let Some(expr) = Self::merge(expr_use, expr_define, w) {
-                                modified_gates.insert(b, Opcode::AssertZero(expr));
-                                to_keep = false;
-                                // Update the 'used_witness' map to account for the merge.
-                                for w2 in CircuitSimulator::expr_wit(expr_define) {
-                                    if !circuit_inputs.contains(&w2) {
-                                        let v = used_witness.entry(w2).or_default();
-                                        v.insert(b);
-                                        v.remove(&i);
+                    // We only consider witness which are used in exactly two arithmetic gates
+                    if gates_using_w.len() == 2 {
+                        let first = *gates_using_w.first().expect("gates_using_w.len == 2");
+                        let second = *gates_using_w.last().expect("gates_using_w.len == 2");
+                        let b = if second == i {
+                            first
+                        } else {
+                            // sanity check
+                            assert!(i == first);
+                            second
+                        };
+                        // Merge the opcode with smaller index into the other one
+                        // by updating modified_gates/deleted_gates/used_witness
+                        // returns false if it could not merge them
+                        let mut merge_opcodes = |op1, op2| -> bool {
+                            if op1 == op2 {
+                                return false;
+                            }
+                            let (source, target) = if op1 < op2 { (op1, op2) } else { (op2, op1) };
+                            let source_opcode = self.get_opcode(source, circuit);
+                            let target_opcode = self.get_opcode(target, circuit);
+                            if let (
+                                Some(Opcode::AssertZero(expr_use)),
+                                Some(Opcode::AssertZero(expr_define)),
+                            ) = (target_opcode, source_opcode)
+                            {
+                                if let Some(expr) =
+                                    Self::merge_expression(&expr_use, &expr_define, w)
+                                {
+                                    self.modified_gates.insert(target, Opcode::AssertZero(expr));
+                                    self.deleted_gates.insert(source);
+                                    // Update the 'used_witness' map to account for the merge.
+                                    let mut witness_list = CircuitSimulator::expr_wit(&expr_use);
+                                    witness_list.extend(CircuitSimulator::expr_wit(&expr_define));
+                                    for w2 in witness_list {
+                                        if !circuit_inputs.contains(&w2) {
+                                            used_witness.entry(w2).and_modify(|v| {
+                                                v.insert(target);
+                                                v.remove(&source);
+                                            });
+                                        }
                                     }
+                                    return true;
                                 }
-                                // We need to stop here and continue with the next opcode
-                                // because the merge invalidates the current opcode.
-                                break;
                             }
+                            false
+                        };
+
+                        if merge_opcodes(b, i) {
+                            // We need to stop here and continue with the next opcode
+                            // because the merge invalidates the current opcode.
+                            break;
                         }
                     }
                 }
             }
+        }
+
+        // Construct the new circuit from modified/deleted gates
+        let mut new_circuit = Vec::new();
+        let mut new_acir_opcode_positions = Vec::new();
 
-            if to_keep {
-                let opcode = modified_gates.get(&i).cloned().unwrap_or(opcode);
-                new_circuit.push(opcode);
-                new_acir_opcode_positions.push(opcode_position);
+        for (i, opcode_position) in acir_opcode_positions.iter().enumerate() {
+            if let Some(op) = self.get_opcode(i, circuit) {
+                new_circuit.push(op);
+                new_acir_opcode_positions.push(*opcode_position);
             }
         }
         (new_circuit, new_acir_opcode_positions)
     }
 
-    fn brillig_input_wit<F>(&self, input: &BrilligInputs<F>) -> BTreeSet<Witness> {
+    fn brillig_input_wit(&self, input: &BrilligInputs<F>) -> BTreeSet<Witness> {
         let mut result = BTreeSet::new();
         match input {
             BrilligInputs::Single(expr) => {
@@ -152,7 +171,7 @@ impl MergeExpressionsOptimizer {
     }
 
     // Returns the input witnesses used by the opcode
-    fn witness_inputs<F: AcirField>(&self, opcode: &Opcode<F>) -> BTreeSet<Witness> {
+    fn witness_inputs(&self, opcode: &Opcode<F>) -> BTreeSet<Witness> {
         match opcode {
             Opcode::AssertZero(expr) => CircuitSimulator::expr_wit(expr),
             Opcode::BlackBoxFuncCall(bb_func) => {
@@ -198,7 +217,7 @@ impl MergeExpressionsOptimizer {
 
     // Merge 'expr' into 'target' via Gaussian elimination on 'w'
     // Returns None if the expressions cannot be merged
-    fn merge<F: AcirField>(
+    fn merge_expression(
         target: &Expression<F>,
         expr: &Expression<F>,
         w: Witness,
@@ -226,6 +245,13 @@ impl MergeExpressionsOptimizer {
         }
         None
     }
+
+    fn get_opcode(&self, g: usize, circuit: &Circuit<F>) -> Option<Opcode<F>> {
+        if self.deleted_gates.contains(&g) {
+            return None;
+        }
+        self.modified_gates.get(&g).or(circuit.opcodes.get(g)).cloned()
+    }
 }
 
 #[cfg(test)]

test_programs/execution_success/regression_6451/src/main.nr

@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ fn main(x: Field) {
     value += term2;
     value.assert_max_bit_size::<1>();
 
-    // Regression test for Aztec Packages issue #6451
+    // Regression test for #6447 (Aztec Packages issue #9488)
     let y = unsafe { empty(x + 1) };
     let z = y + x + 1;
     let z1 = z + y;